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Федеральное агентство железнодорожного транспорта

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

высшего образования

«Петербургский Государственный Университет Путей Сообщения»

Императора Александра I

Кафедра «Иностранные языки»

MANAGEMENT

Методические указания для студентов I курса факультета «Экономика и менеджмент»

(на английском языке)

Санкт-Петербург

2016

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UNIT 1 MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS

Read the text and answer the questions/complete the tasks (1-8) below.

There are five functions of management: planning, organising, staffing, coordinating and controlling. These functions separate the management process from other business functions, such as marketing, accounting and finance.

Planning The planning function of management controls all the planning that allows the organisation to run smoothly. Planning involves defining a goal and determining the most effective course of action needed to reach that goal. Typically, planning involves flexibility, as the planner must coordinate with all levels of management and leadership in the organisation.

Organising The organising function of management is to control the day-to- day operation of the business. Organising involves designating and delegating tasks and responsibilities to employees. Organising also involves developing the organisational structure and chain of command within the company.

Staffing The main purpose of staffing is to hire the right people for the right jobs to achieve the objectives of the organisation. Staffing involves more than just recruitment; it also encompasses training and development, performance appraisals, promotions and transfers.

Coordinating The coordinating function of management controls all the organising, planning and staffing activities of the company and ensures that all activities function together for the good of the organisation. Coordinating usually takes place in meetings with department heads of the company to ensure that all departments are on the same page1 in terms of objectives and goals.

Controlling Maintaining control over an organisation is necessary. Controlling involves establishing performance standards and monitoring the output of employees to ensure that each employee’s performance meets those standards. The level of performance affects the success of all aspects of the organisation.

1 To be on the same page - придерживаться единого мнения

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1.What distinguishes management from marketing, accounting or finance?

2.What does planning involve? 3. Why is flexibility important for planning?

4. What are the main features of organising? 5. Which function of management deals with hiring of employees? 6. What else does staffing encompass? 7. How is coordinating typically organised? 8. What is meant by controlling an organisation?

Exercise 1. Match the synonyms in A and B.

A. goal, to define, to recruit, to reach, to distinguish

B. to determine, to separate, objective, to hire, to achieve

Exercise 2 Match 1-7 with a-g to make word collocations and use them in your own sentences.

Exercise 3 Make up sentences according to the example.

Example: Staffing involves attracting employees.

g delegating responsibilities

h interconnecting the work of different

departments

Exercise 4 Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to predicates

in the Active Voice.

1. A manager is someone who plans, makes decisions, leads and controls human, financial, physical and information resources. 2. The Egyptians used the managerial functions of planning, organising and controlling when they constructed the great pyramids. 3. Classical management theory actually includes two different approaches to management. 4. This problem will require a different and, perhaps, unique solution. 5. In carrying out management functions a manager will be continually making decisions. 6. Nowadays managers have become the leading group in our society. 7. Staffing is attracting and retaining effective employees. 8. After the manager had made plans for the future work, he started selecting people who will successfully perform it. 9. An interest to management is constantly growing. 10. The new theory has completely changed our attitude to management.

REVIEW AND DISCUSSION POINTS

1.What is management? What are the main managerial functions?

2.Have you ever managed anything? For example, as a part of a job or in a social or civic organisation. If so, did you perform the management functions of planning, organising and controlling without being aware of it? Discuss your managerial experience.

3.Who do you manage and how? 4. Who manages you and why?

5. What are the things that must be managed in your current life situation and, if

mismanaged, create problems (time, money, energy, studies, career, human

relationship)?

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UNIT 2 ORGANISATIONS

Read the text and answer the questions/complete the tasks (1-5) below.

Modern society is the society of organisations. They build the houses we live in, provide us with food and consumer goods, educate us, entertain us with television, films and sporting events, preserve law and order, care for the sick and elderly, and protect us from aggression and terrorism.

An organisation is a managed system designed and operated to attain a certain objective or objectives. For some organisations the objective is to produce a product or a service and earn a profit, they are profit-seeking organisations. Others are non-profit organisations though they also render services.

Companies, industrial enterprises, government departments, various societies and unions, hospitals, shops, schools and universities, libraries, theatres, museums, churches, banks, restaurants are all examples of organisations with different objectives.

Organisations are run by managers who divide the work between themselves. Thus an important characteristic of any organisation is division of labour. There are two forms of division of labour in an organisation: horizontal and vertical. Horizontal division of labour means dividing work into component parts such as marketing or production, thus creating different areas of management. Vertical division of labour means creating different levels of management.

There is one more characteristic feature of an organisation - the delegation of authority. Authority is the right to make decisions, to direct the work of others or to give orders. Delegation of authority is assigning a portion of manager’s workload to others who take responsibility for it.

There are two types of authority in an organisation: line and staff. Line managers direct the work of subordinates; they are always someone’s bosses. Staff managers assist line managers in attaining objectives of an organisation.

1.What is the role of organisations in modern society? Give some examples.

2.What is the difference between profit-seeking and non-profit organisations? Characterise the organisations mentioned in paragraph 3 of the text. 3. What is the purpose of division of labour? 4. What forms of division of labour are there and how do they differ? 5. What is authority? What are the types of authority and what is the difference between them?

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Exercise 1 Match 1-7 with a-g to make word collocations and use them in your

Exercise 2 Complete the sentences using suitable words in the box below.

1. The managers of different organisations are ... for attaining different objectives. 2. Business organisations are created ... . 3. Organisations provide their customers with products or ... . 4. When you ... authority in a business, you lose a degree of control over certain functions. 5. An organisation is a collection of individuals working toward a common ... . 6. ... is based on economic principle of specialisation, i.e. the greatest output can be obtained when each person concentrates on doing the thing for which he is best qualified.

Exercise 3.Translate the following word groups.

Consumer goods, component parts, decision-making power, one of the ten bestmanaged companies, popular management literature, high-quality decisions, management process discussion, five basic managerial functions, line-staff conflict.

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Exercise 4 Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to predicates

in Passive Voice.

1. Line managers are authorized to direct the work of their subordinates. 2. The importance of delegation of authority is not only talked about but also practiced by many leaders. 3. Modern society is influenced by organisations. 4. Each employee is delegated his own task; one employee is given more authority than another, depending on his position in the organisation. 4. Increasingly, American managers are being employed by British, Japanese, German and Scandinavian companies. 5.

Nearly every aspect of the firm’s operation will be affected by the change. 6. The manager has been told to find a solution to the problem. 7. Line and staff authority is often referred to in books on management. 8. Organisations have been judged by their economic and financial results.

Exercise 5 Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to

the word that:

1. The manager may simply mention that a particular job must be done. 2. The expertise of staff managers is often just as important as that of line managers. 3. This is an organisation that makes very effective use of staff positions with activities ranging from the manufacture of auto parts to that of aerospace and industrial products. 4. A major reason for line-staff conflict is that line managers may not fully understand staff roles. 5. Line and staff roles should be clearly defined so that everyone knows the various areas of responsibility. 6. Authority represents power that has been legitimised by the organisation.

REVIEW AND DISCUSSION POINTS

1.What influence do organisations have on society?

2.Select an organisation (business, school or government) with which you are familiar. Identify its organisational objectives which reflect the common interests of the members of an organisation.

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3.As an organisation increases in size, division of labour becomes more specialised. Explain this phenomenon. Will the same tendency exist in the future?

4.Which is more important: line positions or staff positions? Could an organisation survive without either?

UNIT 3 PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANISATIONS

Read the text and answer the questions/complete the tasks (1-8) below.

Many organisations belong to the public sector of an economy. They usually provide essential public services. The composition of this sector varies from country to country, but in most cases the public sector includes such services as defence, healthcare, education, social security, public transportation, etc. It also develops natural resources for the benefit of the society.

The aim of such organisations is to give people the efficient and economic service with the help of the resources available. They supply products or services to people who need them and who would not otherwise be able to pay for them privately.

Such organisations are owned, operated and controlled by the government. Some public sector institutions are run by the central government of the country; others, known as municipal undertakings, are run by local authorities.

Although the central government or local authorities run and control public sector businesses, they are owned by the country as a whole and are state-financed out of the money collected through taxation.

Public sector organisations can take several forms.

1.Public utilities provide household services such as water, sewerage, electricity and gas.

2.Unitary enterprises are organisations that have no ownership rights to the assets that they use in their operations (Goznak, Information Telegraph Agency of Russia ITAR-TASS, Russian International News Agency RIA NOVOSTI, Russian Post, All-Russia State TV and Radio Broadcasting Company-VGTRK).

3.State-owned joint-stock companies or public corporations in which more than 50 per cent of the share capital belongs to the government (Rosatom, Russian Railways, Aeroflot, Sberbank, Gazprom, Rosneft, Rostelecom).

4.State or municipal educational, healthcare or cultural institutions.

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5.Central or local government authorities and departments.

1.Give examples of services provided by public sector organisations. 2. What is the purpose of such organisations? 3. Who owns and runs public sector organisations? 4. How are these organisations financed? 5. Which public sector organisations provide household services? 6. What do you call such organisations as Russian Post or VGTRK? 7. Which category does Russian Railways Company belong to? 8. What other forms can public sector organisations take?

Exercise 1 Make the Active sentences Passive and vice versa. Use the example:

Division of labour creates different levels of management. (A.V.) Different levels of management are created by division of labour.(P.V.)

1. Public sector organisations provide services to people. 2. The public sector includes defence, healthcare and others. 3. These organisations supplied products and services to the local population. 4. The new organisation will be owned by the government. 5. This company has been always financed by the state. 6. The money for financing public sector organisations is being collected by the government through taxation.

Exercise 2 Fill in the gaps with appropriate prepositions.

to belong ... the public sector; the composition ... the sector; to vary ... country ...

country; such services ... education and healthcare; to supply products or services ...

people; to pay ... the products; organisations are controlled ... the government;

companies are owned ... the country as a whole; money is collected ... taxation; 50

per cent ... the share capital; some institutions are run ... local authorities.

Exercise 3 Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the word one.

1. A public sector organisation is one that is operated by the government. 2. The composition of the public sector of an economy varies from one country to another. 3. To keep pace with change one should constantly learn. 4. One knows many types of public sector organisations. 5. State Hermitage is one of the largest museums in the world. 6. Changes in technology have transformed the role of human resources into a more important one.

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UNIT 4 PRIVATE SECTOR ORGANISATIONS

Read the text and answer the questions/complete the tasks (1-8) below.

The private sector of an economy is composed of organisations that are privately owned and do not belong to the government. They may be owned by an individual (a sole trader), a family (a family business), a few individuals (a partnership), or by a large number of people (companies).

Small shops, hairdresser’s, launderettes, cosmetic salons, and other personal service establishments are often organised as sole traders or family businesses.

Several partners may pool their capital to form a partnership. They usually work in the sphere of personal services, industry or commerce. The main disadvantage of the above mentioned forms of business is unlimited liability for the firm’s debts.

Larger private sector organisations, owned by a large number of people, form limited liability companies, usually working in the field of building, manufacturing or transport.

Such companies are owned by shareholders who appoint directors to run the business. Shareholders put funds into the company by buying shares.

Limited liability is a form of business protection for company shareholders. For them the maximum sum they can lose from a business venture is the sum of money that they have invested in the company - this is the limit of their liability. Profits are paid as dividends depending on the number of shares of each member.

There are private limited companies and public limited ones. Private limited companies have the word ‘Limited’ (Ltd) in Britain or ‘Incorporated’ (Inc.) in the

USA after their names. Shares of private companies can only be bought and sold with the permission of their director(s). They are typically smaller than public limited companies (Plc). Plcs are usually large-scale corporations with unlimited number of shareholders. Their shares are sold to the general public on the Stock Exchange.

1. Who can own private sector organisations? 2. Give some examples of sole traders. 3. Which spheres can we find partnerships in? 4. What is the biggest disadvantage of partnerships? 5. Who are limited liability companies owned by?

6. What is the difference between a limited and unlimited liability? 7. What is a dividend? 8. Explain the difference between a private limited company and a public limited company.

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