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Предисловие

Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для студентов II курса специальности «Финансы и кредит», IV курса специальности «Таможенное дело» и V курса специальности «Мировая экономика».

Создание пособия продиктовано тем, что рассматриваемые вопросы комплексно не освещаются в отечественное учебной литературе.

Пособие описывает основные документы, применяемые в международной практике перевозок, таможенного контроля, банковского учета и страхования грузов. Каждый текст для чтения снабжен комментарием, упражнениями на отработку лексики и проверку понимания. Особое внимание уделено образцам описываемых документов. В пособие включены приложения, содержащие справочный материал об основных сокращениях, применяемых в документах, различных типах компаний, всемирных валютах, полных и сокращенных названиях английских графств, американских штатов. Приводятся также таблицы символов, используемых в упаковке и маркировке, видов контейнеров, перевода в метрическую систему единиц мер весов, длины, скорости. Прилагаются экспортные условия поставки, списки международных организаций и их адреса в сети Интернет.

Пособие предназначено как для работы в аудитории под руководством преподавателя, так и для самостоятельной работы студентов.

Автор выражает благодарность редакторам и рецензентам за ценные рекомендации, тщательное редактирование и за большую работу по рецензированию пособия.

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Chapter 1. Documents of Dispatch

1. Introduction

1a. Discussion

1. Look at the chart and say what parties can be involved in an export transaction.

Examples: port of shipment = port of loading, departure port of destination = port of unloading, discharge

port of shipment

port of destination

2. Explain the phrase: “Trade moves on paper”.

1b. Reading

Read the text and see if your suggestions were right.

Export documents are numerous because there are so many organizations involved in export transactions (exporters, importers, freight forwarders, customs brokers, air carriers, road carriers, rail carriers, shipping companies, ports, banks, insurance companies, customs). The responsibilities taken on by each organization are represented by a contract. To make it easier to remember them, export documents can be divided into five groups. These are as follows: documents of dispatch¹ which are to do with the movement of goods from the exporter inside the country to the docks or airports; shipping documents which concern the movement of goods from one country to another; customs documents, necessary for clearance²; bank documents concerned with payment. Finally, there are insurance documents which provide financial protection for goods against loss, damage, etc.

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Most of the above mentioned papers are printed in English, but some of them can be in other languages too. It is important to understand not only the language of export documents but also their layouts and the export procedures they represent, because no matter what the language is, procedures and layouts are becoming standardized. This process is being helped by the work of SITPRO³ and many of its forms are widely used.

However, in the XXI century traditional paper-based systems are too slow and costly and unable to cope with the rising amount of international trade transactions. Many countries today have introduced automation of trade procedures or some use of electronic documentation. Electronic trade document systems speed up customs and trade transactions, reduce submission errors and costs which are related to paperwork.

Notes:

¹ dispatch (less common despatch) – отправка ² clearance – таможенная очистка

³ SITPRO (Simplification of International Trade Procedures Board) – Совет по упрощению процесса международной торговли

to cope with – справляться

submission – подача (документов)

1c. Vocabulary

Find the italicized words in the text which mean the following:

1)duties, obligations

2)processes

3)expensive

4)a lot, many

5)decrease

6)engaged

7)mistakes

8)increase the speed

9)deals

10)schemes, structures

1d. Comprehension

Decide if the following statements are true or false.

1.There are few export documents in number.

2.Participants of an export transaction must state their duties in a contract.

3.Export documents are divided into several groups according to the mode of transport.

4.All export documents must be printed in English.

5.The structure of documents is very similar in different countries.

6.Paper-based documents are not cheap.

Complete these notes in the diagram by supplying one word for each gap and give a summary of the

text.

Export _______

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2. Standard Shipping Note

2a. Discussion

1.What documents are used in Russia to accompany consignments to places of loading?

2.Who completes these documents?

3.What functions do these documents have?

4.What information do they contain?

2b. Reading

Read the text about the document used in the United Kingdom to go with the goods to the point of shipment.

Standard Shipping Note

The Standard Shipping Note (SSN)¹ enables the shipper to complete one standard document for the consignments irrespective of a port or inland depot². By doing so, it provides the receiving authority³ with complete, accurate and timely data as well as supplies all those with an interest in the consignment with adequate information at each movement stage until final loading on board the vessel or aircraft. The greatest benefit of using the SSN is that receiving authorities get precise information on how the goods should be handled. Note that the details must be agreed by the receiving authorities before the goods are dispatched to the docks.

The SSN has been widely and successfully used throughout the UK. The SSN should accompany deliveries (general cargo , unit load , containerized goods) from factories or warehouses to inland clearance depots6, ports, airports and other cargo terminals. On one SSN only goods for one shipment to one port/airport of discharge or one sailing/flight may be shown.

However, the SSN must not be used if the delivery includes items classified as hazardous by the national and international regulations. In such cases, the Dangerous Goods Note (DGN) should be used.

Notes:

¹ Standard Shipping Note (SSN) – стандартный погрузочный ордер, стандартная транспортная наклад-

ная (форма, используемая в Великобритании при доставке грузов в доки)

² inland depot – складское помещение, расположенное внутри страны ³ receiving authority – орган власти, принимающий груз

general cargo – генеральный (смешанный, сборный) груз (любой упакованный штучный груз, представляющий собой сборную партию грузов из разных товаров, принадлежащих разным продавцам и

покупателям)

unit load – грузовая единица; транспортный пакет (физически неделимый груз) 6 inland clearance depots – внутренние таможенные склады

Dangerous Goods Note (DGN) – погрузочный ордер, транспортная накладная для опасных грузов

2с. Vocabulary

Find the italicized words in the text which mean the following:

1)involving great risk, dangerous

2)a storehouse or warehouse

3)located in a country or region away from a sea or border

4)an advantage

5)to go along with

6)without error

7)without regard to

8)exact

2d. Comprehension

Answer the following questions:

1.What information on the SSN greatly helps the port authorities?

2.In what country is it widely used?

3.From and to what places should the SSN accompany the cargo?

4.How many shipments can one SSN include?

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5. What document must be used if the delivery includes hazardous articles?

Put the following events in the right order.

1.The SSN is completed by the shipper.

2.The SSN details are agreed by the port authorities.

3.The goods are packed by the shippers.

4.The SSN is lodged with the port authority.

5.The goods are loaded onto the ship.

6.The consignment is forwarded to the docks.

2e. Reading

Look at the Standard Shipping Note (Fig.1) and read the box instructions below. Box Instructions

(The numbers refer to the box numbers on the SSN)

1.Exporter. The name and address of the exporter including the postcode.

Answer the questions:

1.Who is the shipper?

2.What is the Unique Consignment Reference of the goods?

3.What is the name of the shipping line?

4.What is the port of shipment?

5.What is the port of unloading?

6.What is the weight of the goods with the tare?

7.What stowage is required for this consignment?

8.What type of containers is used?

9.Who completed the SSN?

10.When is the document signed by the shipper?

Make up your questions to find out about other details of the consignment.

3. Dangerous Goods Note

3a. Discussion

1. These symbols can be seen on shipping labels of some goods. What do you think they mean? Match the symbols and categories in the box.

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a) Harmful to Foodstuff; b) Oxidizer; c) Corrosive; d) Flammmable; e) Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials; f) Dangerous When Wet; g) Poison.

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Figure 1. Sample Standard Shipping Note

2. What category do these examples belong to?

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pesticides; X-ray sources; oven cleaners; mercury; fire extinguishers; Gamma radiation equipment; paints; fireworks; nail polish removers; aerosols; breathing apparatus; yellow phosphorous; calcium carbide.

3b. Reading

Read the text about the shipping note for the goods which need special stowage procedures.

Dangerous Goods Note

When dangerous goods are transported, the consignment must be accompanied by a document that contains information declaring the nature of the dangers of the goods - the Dangerous Goods Note (DGN) ¹ (Fig.2). It reflects the documentary requirements of the Merchant Shipping (Dangerous Goods and Marine Pollutants) Regulations² and the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code³. Additionally the DGN reflects the documentary requirements of the Regulations concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID), the European Agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road (ADR).

It is most important to follow the booking and receiving procedures specified by shipping lines, carriers and receiving authorities. Here are some points to consider in completing a DGN:

1.If a DGN is used to document a consignment containing compatible dangerous and nondangerous goods, the dangerous goods should be listed first, or otherwise emphasised.

2.In box 12 (Shipping Marks/Number and Kind of Packages/Description of Goods):

a.The Class and the Packing Group (PG) must be indicated.

b.In certain circumstances it is necessary to provide supplementary information. Particular attention should be paid to the requirements for specific classes, including infectious and radioactive material; elevated temperatures; empty uncleaned packagings. There are some differences between the road, rail and sea regula-

tions. Restrictions concerning limited quantities of goods, marine pollutants, and flashpoint6 are used for sea freight only. Piggyback transport is used for carriage by rail.

3. Box 15 (Container/Vehicle Packing Certificate and Declaration (CVPC)):

The CVPC is at present required only for sea transport, including combined journeys. The container/vehicle packing certificate and declaration serves a separate function to the dangerous goods declaration, and the two are very often signed by different people. However, the two declarations are included in the same document. The consignor (exporter) of the goods is responsible for signing the dangerous goods declaration (box 17), but the declaration under the container/vehicle packing certificate (box 15) must be signed by whoever is responsible for packing/loading the dangerous goods into the container/vehicle. It is clearly inappropriate for the consignor to sign the packing certificate (box 15), if the packing/loading of the container/vehicle is undertaken elsewhere – e.g. at a groupage or consolidation depot, or at an outside warehouse.

4.The DGN must be signed by a responsible person who knows the nature of the danger(s) of the goods and the legal requirements which apply to the shipment of dangerous goods.

Notes:

¹ Dangerous Goods Note (DGN) – погрузочный ордер, транспортная накладная для опасных грузов

² the Merchant Shipping (Dangerous Goods and Marine Pollutants) Regulations – правила торговых перевозок (опасных грузов и веществ, загрязняющих моря)

³ the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code – кодекс опасный товаров Международной морской организации

the Regulations concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID) – регламенты относительно международной перевозки опасных товаров по железной дороге Межправительственной организации международных перевозок по железной дороге

the European Agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road (ADR) – Европейское Соглашение относительно международной автоперевозки опасных грузов

6 flashpoint – температура воспламенения

piggyback transport – пиггибэк, контрейлерная перевозка грузов (перевозка груженных прицепов и грузовых автомобилей на железнодорожных платформах), контрейлер (передвижной контейнер на

колесах)

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