i-849776232

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could not help following her, and that she was the most beautiful woman he had ever seen and ever would see, and that he was in love with her.

The woman replied, "I'm very flattered at such a compliment, but surely this can't be true because if you'd turned to look behind you, you'd have seen my sister who's been following you, and she's ten times more beautiful than me."

The man turned to look, and saw a plain looking girl behind him. He turned to the other woman and said, "I'm confused because your sister’s not more beautiful than you. Why did you tell me that? You lied to me."

The woman looked at him and said, "And you lied also because you turned your head!" (Michael Herman. The Power of Love)

4.Indicate deictic markers in the following text fragment and state their type. Comment on the functions the deictic markers you have singled out per-

form in the text.

If you really want to hear about it, the first thing you'll probably want to know is where I was born, and what my lousy childhood was like, and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap, but I don't feel like going into details, if you want to know the truth, in the first place, that stuff bores me, and in the second place, my parents would have about two hemorrhages apiece if I told anything personal about them. They're quite touchy about anything like that, especially my father. They're nice and all — I'm not saying that — but they're also touchy as hell. Besides, I'm not going to tell you my whole goddamn autobiography or anything. I'll just tell you about this madman stuff that happened to me around last Christmas just before I got pretty run down and had to come out here and take it easy. I mean that's all I told D.B. about, and he's my brother and all. He's in Hollywood. That isn't too far from this crumby place, and he comes over and visits me practically every week end. He's going to drive me home when I go home next month may be. He just got a Jaguar...

Test questions:

1.How can the text as a linguistic unit be defined?

2.What is the difference between a text and a discourse?

3.What does the notion of "coherence" imply?

5.What does the notion of "cohesion" imply?

6.What types of textual cohesion can be distinguished?

7.What semantic groups of textual connectors do you know?

8.Provide a definition of the lexical cohesion.

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9.What does collocation mean?

10.What is the difference between reiteration and collocation?

11.What types of endophoric relations can be determined?

12.Provide examples of anaphoric and cataphoric textual relations.

13.What does the term "deixis" mean?

14.What classes of deictic markers are usually distinguished?

15.Provide examples of textual deictic markers.

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TESTS

Test 1

ТЗ-1. The main notions of Grammar are

□grammatical category, grammatical form, methods of Grammar description

□grammatical category, grammatical meaning, grammatical form

ТЗ-2. The theory of oppositions was introduced by

□Jespersen

□Trubetskoy

□Jacobson

ТЗ-3. The unity of grammatical meaning and grammatical form, a class of grammatical meanings which unite different grammatical forms is called

□grammatical paradigm

□grammatical meaning

□grammatical category

ТЗ-4. Ch. Fries, L. Harris, R. Roberts are the representatives of the trend in Grammar called

□American Structural Linguistics

□Classical Theory

□Transformational Grammar

ТЗ-5. Syntagmatic relations are

□vertical relation of an ―or…or‖- type

□connections between elements of the system

□immediate linear relations between units in a segmental sequence

ТЗ-6. Complete the sentence with one word

The main divisions of Theoretical Grammar are morphology and____________.

ТЗ-7. Complete the sentence with one word

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The division of grammar which treats the forms of the words called parts of speech, studies grammatical morphemes and their meanings is______________________________________________________________.

ТЗ-8. Complete the sentence with one word

The type of relations which exists between the elements of the system is called

________________________________________________________________.

ТЗ-9. Match the opposition and the morphological category it represents

ТЗ-10. The order of the language levels: __textual level

__morphemic level __lexemic level __phrasemic level __suprasentential level __phonemic level __proposemic level

Test 2.

ТЗ-1. Russian linguists classify all words into

□notional / stative

□notional / functional

□declinable / indeclinable

ТЗ-2. ―The Theory of three ranks‖ was introduced by

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□Jacobson

□Bloomfield

□Jespersen

ТЗ-3. Complete the sentence with one word

The traditional classification of parts of speech was introduced by______________________________________________________________.

ТЗ-4. Complete the sentence with one word

The part of speech of the word ―after‖ in the sentence ―Ten years after his famous experiment was performed.‖ is ________________________________.

ТЗ-5. Complete the sentence with one word

The categorial meaning of the adjective as a part of speech is_______________.

ТЗ-6. Match the classifications of parts of speech and the linguists they were worked out by

Test 3.

ТЗ-1.The morphological category of the noun, showing the relations of the nominal referent to other objects or phenomena is called

□case

□gender

□number

ТЗ-2. The grammatical category which is expressed by the obligatory correlation of nouns with personal pronouns of the 3rd person singular is called

□case

□number

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□ gender

ТЗ-3. The most characteristic functions of the noun are

□attribute, adverbial modifier

□predicative, attribute

□subject, object

ТЗ-4. Language units like ―trade talks‖, ―cannon ball‖ are treated as

□attributive word-groups

□compound words

□phraseological units

ТЗ-5.The function of the noun ―sharkskin‖ in the sentence: ―She is extremely in her sharkskin dress.‖ is

□object

□attribute

□adverbial modifier

ТЗ-6. The function of the noun in the sentence: ―This thought dogs me.‖ is

□predicative

□object

□subject

ТЗ-7. Complete the sentence with one word

The number of the nouns ―trousers, scissors, shorts‖ is____________________.

ТЗ-8. Complete the sentence with one word

The categorial meaning of the noun is_________________________________.

ТЗ-9. Complete the sentence with one word

The form of the verb ―be‖ in the sentence: ―The police (be) here and they are doing their best, sir.‖_______________________________________________.

ТЗ-10. Complete the sentence with one word

The form of the verb ―be‖ in the sentence: ―The information about this company (be) encouraging.‖_________________________________________________.

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ТЗ-11. Complete the sentence with one word

The form of the verb ―be‖ in the sentence: ―Where (be) your clothes made?‖___.

ТЗ-12. Complete the sentence with one word

The form of the verb ―be‖ in the sentence: ―Your advice (be) very useful.‖____.

ТЗ-13. Complete the sentence with one word

The function of the noun in the sentence: ―He posted the letter too late.‖ is______________________________________________________________.

ТЗ-14. Complete the sentence with one word

The function of the noun in the sentence: ―They were strangers here.‖ is______________________________________________________________.

ТЗ-15. Match the nouns and their number

ТЗ-16. Match the masculine gender nouns and their feminine counterparts

Test 4.

ТЗ-1. According to the functional classification the verbs are divided into

□transitive / non-transitive

□notional / functional

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□ limitive / unlimitive

ТЗ-2. According to the morphological classification the verbs are divided into

□transitive / non-transitive

□regular / irregular

□finite / non-finite

ТЗ-3. According to the aspective classification the verbs are divided into

□limitive / unlimitive

□transitive / non-transitive

□finite / non-finite

ТЗ-4. The correct non-finite form in the sentence ―He refused ### the bill.‖ is

□to pay

□pay

□paying

ТЗ-5. The correct non-finite form in the sentence ―He was the last ###.‖ is

□to come

□come

□coming

ТЗ-6. It was agreed that he (to start) on his new job on Monday.

□will start

□should start

□started

ТЗ-7. She hid her face in her hands so that he (not to see) her smile.

□saw

□could not see

□should not see

ТЗ-8. Subjunctive II (perfect form) coincides with

□Past Simple

□Past Perfect

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□ Future-in-the-Past

ТЗ-9. The mood of the verb in italics ―If there were no fools, there would be no

wise men‖ is ###.__________________________________________________

ТЗ-10. Complete the sentence with one word

The morphological category represented by the opposition: ―take : took‖ is the

category of_______________________________________________________

ТЗ-11. Match the clause and its type