329

Ƚɨɞɵ, ɨɬɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɸɞɹɦ

ɧɹ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɨɜ ȼɵɫɲɟɣ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɊɎ. ɂɦ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ 12 ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢɡ ɧɢɯ 4 ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɫ ɝɪɢɮɨɦ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɊɎ ɢ ɍɆɈ Ⱥɋȼ ɢɡɞɚɧɵ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ «Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɭɡɨɜ»; 5 ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ: «ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ» (2001 ɝ.), «Ɉɫɨɛɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ʋ 29 ɧɚɤɚɧɭɧɟ ɢ ɜ ɝɨɞɵ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ» (2004 ɝ.), «Ɉɩɵɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɧɚ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɦ ɍɪɚɥɟ» (2005 ɝ.), «ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɉɪɢɤɚɦɶɹ» (2008 ɝ.), «Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ» (2012).

Ȼɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɛɟɫɬɫɟɥɥɟɪɚɦɢ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɝɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:

–«Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɲɟɣ. Ɂɚɩɢɫɤɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɹ» (ɉɟɪɦɶ, 1997);

–«Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨɞɧɨɷɬɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ» (ɉɟɪɦɶ, 2001);

–«ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ» (ɉɟɪɦɶ,

2001);

–«Ɉɩɵɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɧɚ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɦ ɍɪɚɥɟ» (ɉɟɪɦɶ, 2005);

–«ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ (ɜ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ ɢ ɨɬɜɟ-

ɬɚɯ)» – ɉɟɪɦɶ, 2007;

–«Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ (ɜ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɚɯ)» (ɉɟɪɦɶ, 2007);

–«Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ» (Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ⱥɋȼ, 2008);

–«ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ» (ɉɟɪɦɶ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ «ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɢ», 2008);

–ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ 1 CD-R «Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ (ɜ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɚɯ)» (ɉɟɪɦɶ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɉȽɌɍ, 2010);

–ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ 1 CD-R «Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨɞɧɨɷɬɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ» (ɉɟɪɦɶ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɉȽɌɍ, 2010);

–«Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ» (ɉɟɪɦɶ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɉɇɂɉɍ, 2012).

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Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ, Ɍ.Ⱥ. ɋɩɢɪɨɜɚ

Ɂɚ ɡɚɫɥɭɝɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ, ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱥ.ɇ. ɘɡɟɮɨɜɢɱ ɧɚɝɪɚɠɞɺɧ ɨɪɞɟɧɚɦɢ «Ɂɧɚɤ ɉɨɱɺɬɚ» (1965 ɝ.), Ɍɪɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɢ (1985 ɝ.), ɦɟɞɚɥɹɦɢ «Ɂɚ ɞɨɛɥɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɬɪɭɞ, ɜ ɨɡɧɚɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ 100 ɥɟɬ ɫɨ ɞɧɹ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ȼ.ɂ. Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ» (1970), ɦɟɞɚɥɶɸ ȼȾɇɏ «Ɂɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɟ ɭɫɩɟɯɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɋɋɋɊ» (1976), ɦɟɞɚɥɶɸ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɸ Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɚ» (1970), «ȼɟɬɟɪɚɧ ɬɪɭɞɚ CCCɊ» (1986), ɉɨɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɥɚɜɚ» Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɟɣ (2009), ɡɧɚɤɨɦ «ɉɨɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɜɟɬɟɪɚɧ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ» Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɟɣ (2011), ɉɨɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɊȺȿɇ «Ɂɚ ɭɫɩɟɯɢ ɜ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ» (2012), ɨɪɞɟɧɨɦ «Ɂɚ ɡɚɫɥɭɝɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ» Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɟɣ (2012).

ȼ 1982 ɝ. Ⱥ.ɇ. ɘɡɟɮɨɜɢɱɭ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɨ ɡɜɚɧɢɟ «Ɂɚɫɥɭɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶ ɊɋɎɋɊ», «ɉɨɱɺɬɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɊɎ» (2007 ɝ.). Ɉɧ ɧɚɝɪɚɠɞɟɧ ɉɨɱɺɬɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɨɣ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ Ɉɛɥɢɫɩɨɥɤɨɦɚ (1967 ɝ.), ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ Ȼ.ɇ. ȿɥɶɰɢɧɚ (1996).

ɋɨɬɧɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɨɜ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɟɣ – ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɨɜ ɉɉɂ-ɉȽɌɍ- ɉɇɂɉɍ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɬɪɭɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɣɤɚɯ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɍɪɚɥɚ ɢ, ɫ ɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɘɡɟɮɨɜɢɱɚ, ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɦ ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɤ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɞɟɥɭ.

ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶ – ɷɬɨ ɫɨɡɢɞɚɬɟɥɶ, ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɨɦɤɚɦ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɝɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ, ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɤɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɜɫɹ ɠɢɡɧɶ – ɷɬɨ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɤ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɞɟɥɭ ɢ ɧɟɭɫɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ. ɇɟɞɚɪɨɦ ɩɨɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɟɫɧɟ: «ɇɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɞɚɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɳɟɞɪɨ ɠɢɬɶ – ɞɪɭɡɶɹɦ ɧɚ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɞɚɪɢɬɶ!».

Ƚɨɞɵ, ɨɬɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɸɞɹɦ, ɧɟ ɭɯɨɞɹɬ ɢɡ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɚ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸ ɪɨɞɧɵɯ, ɞɪɭɡɟɣ, ɤɨɥɥɟɝ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ.

A.B. Ponomarev, T.A. Spirova

THE YEARS DEVOTED TO THE PEOPLE

The article is dedicated to the memory of professor of geotechnical engineering and construction industry PNIPU Alexander Nikolayevich Yuzefovich Honorary Workerof Higher Professional Education of Russia, Honored Builder of the Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences. The authors describe the basic life milestones and stages of his career, giving to his outstanding performances to the construction industry Perm.

Keywords: construction, lifework, a construction site, an experience, civil-engineer.

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Ƚɨɞɵ, ɨɬɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɸɞɹɦ

ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɯ

ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ Ȼɭɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɢɱ (ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ) – ɞ-ɪ ɬɟɯɧ.

ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ, ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ» ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɉɇɂɉɍ (e-mail: spstf@pstu.ru).

ɋɩɢɪɨɜɚ Ɍɚɦɚɪɚ Ⱥɪɤɚɞɶɟɜɧɚ (ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ) – ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɩɪɟɩɨ-

ɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ» ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɉɇɂɉɍ (e-mail: spstf@pstu.ac.ru).

About the authors

Ponomaryov Andrey Budimirovich (Perm, Russia) – Doctor of Technics, Professor, Head of Department of Building production and geotechnics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (e-mail: spstf@pstu.ru).

Spirova Tamara Arkadevna (Perm, Russia) – Senior Lecturer, Department of Building production and geotechnics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (e-mail: spstf@pstu.ac.ru).

ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ 11.03.2013

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ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɉɇɂɉɍ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ. ʋ 2. 2013

ɍȾɄ 69.003

ɘ.ɋ. Ʌɨɝɢɧɨɜɚ, Ɉ.ȼ. ɉɟɬɪɟɧɟɜɚ

ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ

ɆɈȾȿɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɆȿɏȺɇɂɁɆȺ Ɋȿɒȿɇɂə ɆɇɈȽɈɎȺɄɌɈɊɇɕɏ ɁȺȾȺɑ ȼ ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɋɌȼȿ ɉɊɂ ȼɕȻɈɊȿ ȺɅɖɌȿɊɇȺɌɂȼ

ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɦɚɬɪɢɰ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɛɟɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ – ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɦɨɪɨɡɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ. ɋɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɞɟɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ. ɋɞɟɥɚɧ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨɛ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ.

Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɹ, ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ, ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɚ, ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ.

Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ (ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.).

Ʌɢɰɨ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ, (ɅɉɊ) ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ (ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɧɵɟ) ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ (ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ) ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɷɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ, ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɭɩɪɚɡɞɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɢ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɪɚɧɠɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɵ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɥɚ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɭ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ[1].

ɉɪɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɥɢɰɨ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɬɚɥɤɢ-

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Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ

ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ (ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɠɟɥɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɰɟɥɟɣ, ɥɢɰɚ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɥɢɰ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.)

ɇɚɲɚ ɰɟɥɶ – ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ.

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɚɪɧɵɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ, ɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ.

Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɷɬɨɣɡɚɞɚɱɢɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɢɡɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯɷɬɚɩɨɜ[2]:

1.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜ.

2.ȼɵɛɨɪ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ.

3.Ɋɚɧɠɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ.

4.ɉɨɢɫɤ ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɢɫɫɧɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ.

Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ, – ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɣ – ɆȺɂ (ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ). Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɦ ɭɱɟɧɵɦ Ɍ. ɋɚɚɬɢ [3].

Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ – ɡɢɦɧɟɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ.

Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ. ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɨɥɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɦ ɤɪɚɟ, ɜɵɧɭɠɞɚɸɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ.

Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ – ɩɥɨɯɨɟ ɡɚɫɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ.

ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɛɟɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɧɨ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɛɟɬɨɧ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ – ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɦɨɪɨɡɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ (ɉɆȾ). Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɨɝɪɟɜ, ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɟɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ.

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ɘ.ɋ. Ʌɨɝɢɧɨɜɚ, Ɉ.ȼ. ɉɟɬɪɟɧɟɜɚ

ɇɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɦɨɪɨɡɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ, ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ.

Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɵ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɡɢɦɧɟɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɳɢɤɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɉɆȾ – ɷɬɨ ɰɟɧɚ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ – ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɉɆȾ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɂ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɯɨɞ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, – ɫɪɨɤɢ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɦɨɪɨɡɧɨɣ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ.

ɂɬɚɤ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɜɫɟ ɜɵɲɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɆȺɂ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɦ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɉɆȾ (ɪɢɫ. 1).

Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɂɟɪɚɪɯɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɉɆȾ

ɋɯɟɦɚ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɰɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɡɜɭɱɢɬ ɤɚɤ «ɜɵɛɨɪ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɦɨɪɨɡɧɨɣ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɞɨ –25 °ɋ». ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɉɆȾ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ, ɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ (ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɬɪɟɦɹ) ɰɟɥɹɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ (ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ, ɩɨɞɪɹɞɱɢɤɚ). Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɚɦɢ – ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɉɆȾ.

ȼɤɥɚɞ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜ ɜɟɞɭɳɭɸ ɰɟɥɶ, ɧɟ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜ. Ɉɧ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɣ ɰɟɥɢ. ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɟɫ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟ-

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Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ

ɧɢɸ ɤ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ. Ɍɨɱɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵ (3.1–3.7) – ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɰɟɥɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵ ɜ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ (ɰɟɥɶ) ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ. ɋɭɦɦɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɨɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 1.

ɉɆȾ ɫ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɜɟɫɨɦ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɚ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɰɟɥɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ.

ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ (ɬɚɛɥ. 1).

ɉɆȾ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɞɨ –25 °ɋ.

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɉɆȾ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ (ɬɚɛɥ. 2).

ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɆȺɂ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɪɢɰ ɩɨɩɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚ ɨɛ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɜ ɜɟɫɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ (ɬɚɛɥ. 3). ɉɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɲɤɚɥɟ ɨɬ 1 ɞɨ 9 [4].

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ɘ.ɋ. Ʌɨɝɢɧɨɜɚ, Ɉ.ȼ. ɉɟɬɪɟɧɟɜɚ

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Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ

Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ n×n: Ⱥ = (ɚij), (i, j = 1, 2, … n). ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɚij ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɭ [4]: ɟɫɥɢ ɚij = D, ɬɨ

ɚji = 1/D, Dz 0, ɚ {1, 2, …, 9}.

ɂɬɚɤ, ɩɭɫɬɶ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɩɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɜɢɞ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 4.

ɉɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɫɨ ɜɬɨɪɵɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ 1 ɜ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ɚ12. ɉɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɫ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɵ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɫɪɨɤɚɦ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ (5 ɜ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ a13). ɉɨɩɚɪɧɨɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɫ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦ ɜɵɹɜɢɥɨ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ.

Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɜɟɫɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɪɲɢɧ-ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɩɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ Excel, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɜɟɫ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ Wk = (0,484; 0,415; 0,1)T, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ.

ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɲɚɝ – ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ [4]

Omax = 3,01.

ɋɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰ. Ɉɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ.

ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɦ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɵ.

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ɘ.ɋ. Ʌɨɝɢɧɨɜɚ, Ɉ.ȼ. ɉɟɬɪɟɧɟɜɚ

Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɆȺɂ, ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɟɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɯ, ɧɨ ɢ ɞɚɟɬ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɩɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ [4]:

ɉɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɂɋ, ɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɟ 0,10. Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɹ (ɪɚɡɦɟɪ 3×3), ɨɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚɫɶ

ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ, ɂɋɤ = 0.

Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɫɨɜ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ (Ʉ1, Ʉ2, Ʉ3). ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 5–7.

Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 5

Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 6

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