Добавил:
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Vnutrennyaya_politika_Turtsii_2002-2018

.pdf
Скачиваний:
9
Добавлен:
05.05.2022
Размер:
3.65 Mб
Скачать

TaKHM o6pa30M, npH npoBe,n;eHHH ,n;eMoKpaTHqecKHX pe<i>opM noJIHTHqecKoe pyI<oBo,n;cTBO CTPaHhI He 3a6hrnaJio H o pa3BHTHH HCJiaMCKHX H,n;eH:, qTo Bhipa:>KaJIOCh B ll;eJIOM p.H,n;e ,n;eikTBHH, npe,n;npHHHMaeMhIX rypeu;KHM pyKOBO,ll;CTBOM. EhIJIO OTKphITO HeKOTopoe KOJIJfqecTBO peJIHrH03HhIX IIIKOJI H )'HHBepCHTeTOB;noJIHTHqecKHe 3JIHThl HaJia:>KHBaJIH KOHTaKThl c peJIHrH03HhIMH ,n;:>KaMaaTaMH; poJih HCJiaMa 3HaqHTeJihHO ycHJIHJiach B 6hITOBOH :>KH3HH HaceJieHHJI. A BJIIDIHHe BOeHHhIX, KOTOphie 06b1qHo orpaHHqHBaJIH pacnpocTpaHeHHe HCJiaMCKHX u;eHHOCTeH, Hao6opoT, 6hIJIO cyiu;ecTBeHHO CHH:>KeHO.

Bo BHeIIIHeH nOJIHTHKe TeH,n;eHu;m1 K HCJiaMH3aQHH npO.HBHJiaCh B pa3BHTHH CB.H3eH c KpyrrHhIMH 6JIH:>KHeBOCTOqHhIMH CTpaHaMH. ,Z:Vrn ou;eHKH BJIH.HHH.H HCJiaMCKHX H,n;eH: Ha rypeu;Kyro noJIHTHKY CJie,n;yeT paccMOTpeTh Ka:>K,n;hIH H3 3THX acneKTOB B OT,ll;eJihHOCTH.

A>KaMaaTbl H HX BnHRHHe

~:>KaMaaThI - cneu;HaJihHhie peJIHrH03Hhie o6'he,n;HHeHH.H- cero,n;H.H

.HBJI.HIOTC.H u;eHTpaJihHhIM peJIHrH03HhIM 3BeHOM coBpeMeHHoH: Typu;HH, qhe BJIH.HHHe Ha noJIHTHKY H 3KOHOMHKY CTpaHhl HeocnopHMO. Ha npoT.H:>KeHHH 2000-x rr. OHH npo,n;OJI:>KaJIH ycHJIHBaTh ero, nocTeneHHO no,n;qHH.H.H ce6e noJIHTHqecKyro :>KH3Hh cTpaHhI. HaH6oJiee aBTOpHTeTHhie ,n;:>KaMaaThI coBpeMeHHOH Typu;1m - «CyJieH:MaH,n;:>KHJiap», «l1cMaHJI ara», a TaK:>Ke ,n;:>KaMaaT fIOJieHa.

«CyJieHMaH,n;:>KHJiap» - ,n;:>KaMaaT, BhIIIIe,n;IIIHH H3 KpyrrHettIIIero zypeu;- KOro TapHKaTa HaKIII6eH,n;H. PacnpoCTpaHeH OH Ha no6epe:>Khe 3reH:cKoro

MOp.H, OCHOBHa.H ,n;e.HTeJihHOCTh TapHKaTa - o6pa30BaTeJihHa.H: B TypQHH

,n;eHCTByeT MHO:>Kecnio peJIHrH03HhIX IIIKOJI, naHCHOHaTOB, KypChl no H3yqeHHIO KopaHa B Ka:>K,n;OM paH:oHe Typu;HH.

«CyJieHMaH,n;:>KHJiap» npo,n;OJI:>KaJI CBOIO ,n;e.HTeJihHOCTh H B nepHO,ll; npaBJieHIDI ATaTIOpKa, Kor,n;a JII06oe peJIHrH03HOe o6pa3oBaHHe 6hIJIO 3anpeiu;eHo. iloMHMO Typu;HH, ,n;e.HTeJihHOCTh ,n;aHHoro o6'he,n;HHeHH.HIIIHpoKo pacnpoCTpaHeHa 3a py6e:>KOM, r,n;e OTKphrnaIOTC.H cneu;HaJihHhie JIHu;ett-naHCHOHaThl

,ll;JI.H ,n;eBoqeK H MaJihqHKOB. 0,n;HH H3 6paTheB-JIH,n;epoB ,n;:>KaMaaTa MexMeT ~eHH30JiryH 6hIJI MHHHCTpOM TpaHcnopTa B npaBHTeJihCTBe npeMbepa

MecyTa HhIJIMa3a, a ,n;pyroH: - ,n;Ba)K,ll;hl 6hIJI H36paH ,n;enyTaTOM OT napTHH cnpaBe,n;JIHBOCTH H pa3BHTIDI.

~e.HTeJihHOCTh ,n;:>KaMaaTa «l1CMaHJI ara» TaK:>Ke nocTpOeHa BOKpyr peJIHrH03HOro o6yqeHH.H, npHqeM B caMoH: ,n;ocTyrrHOH <t>opMe. Ero KpyrrHettIIIeH: o6pa30BaTeJihHOH TOqKoH .HBJI.HeTC.H KOMITJieKC Ha 1330 qeJI, B CTaM6yJie, r,n;e :>KeJiaIOIQHe H3yqaIOT KopaH. AKTHBHO ,n;eH:cTBYJOT H naHcHoHaThI 3aKphITOro THna, B KOTOphIX npeno,n;aIOT HCTOpHIO OcMaHCKOH HMnepHH H co6JIIO,n;aIOT OCMaHCKHe 06b1qaH.

06'he,ll;HHeHHe«l1CaMHJI ara» .HBJI.HeTC.H oqeHh KOHcepBaTHBHhIM: )l(eHIQHHhl XO,ll;.HT B HHKa6ax, MY:>KqHHhl :>Ke OTpaIQHBaIOT 6opO,ll;hl H HOC.HT IIIapoBaphI no OCMaHCKOMY 06pa3u;y. QeJih ,n;:>KaMaaTa, no CJIOBaM KOOp,ll;HHaTopa

101

O,ll;HOH 113 ero opraHH3aQHH, - «OTKpbITb O,ll;HO M}')KCKOeH O,ll;HO :>KeH-

CKOe Mep;pece B Ka:>K,ll;OM KBapTaJie MHpa»l. B OTHOIIIeHHH :>Ke rocyp;apCTBa OH Bbipa3HJI Il03HQHlO opraHH3aQHH CJiep;yIDIQHM o6pa30M: «HeJib3H CYIQeCTBOBaTb BHe rocyp;apCTBa, c HHM H}')KHOCOCYIQeCTBOBaTb»2. l1MeHHO 3TO H p;e.naeT ,ll;)KaMaaT: ero MlOpH,ll;bI HBJIBlOTCH HMaMaMH BO MHOrHX MeqeTHX TypQHH3, a o6IQCUI q11cJieHHOCTh np11Bep:>KeHQeB «l1cMaIDI ara» }')KnpeBhICIDia 300 TbIC. qe.n.4, cpep;H KOTOpbIX - rpa:>K,D;aHe fpy3HH, 3<P11on1111, TiaKHCTaHa H MHOrHX p;pyr11x CTpaH.

HaKoHeQ, Ha1160Jiee H3BeCTHhIM 3a nocJiep;H11e rop;bI TYPeQKHM ,ll;:>KaMaaTOM HBmieTCH ,ll;BH:>KeHHe nponoBe,D;HHKa <l>eTxyJIJiaxa f10JieHa «XH3MeT».

B paMKax p;eHTeJihHOCTH ,ll;)KaMaaTa <l>YHKl.\HOHHPYJOT pe.n11r1103Hbie IIIKOJihI B 10 cTpaHax, yH11Bepc11TeTbI. f10Jieuy np11Hap;Jie:>KHT KpynHaH TYPeQKM ra3eTa Zaman, «XH3MeT» BhmycKaeT HeCKOJihKO :>KypHaJioB Ha TYPeQKOM, aHrJIHHCKOM 11 apa6cKOM H3hIKax, nop; ero BJIHHHHeM uaxo,D;HTCH TYPeQKHe TeJieKaHaJibI 11 MHoroq11cJieHHbie <P11pMbI (6oJiee 2 Tbic.s). f10JieH TaK:>Ke a<P<PIDI11poBaH c 6aHKOM Bank Asya, KpynHhIMH cTpaxoBbIMH KOMnaHHHMH, ero JilO,ll;H eCTb Ha BCex ypOBHHX BJiaCTH, B IlOJIHQHH H cyp;e, qTo p;e.naeT 3TOT p;:>KaMaaT Ha1160Jiee cepbe3HhIM noJI11T11qecKHM 11rpoKoM: 3pp;oraH p;a:>Ke Ha3hIBaJI r10JieHOBCK11e CTPYKTyphI «rocyp;apcTBOM B rocyp;apcTBe»6 11 np113Ba.JI K IlOBCeMeCTHOH 6opb6e c HHMH.

l13BeCTHO, qTo H3HaqaJibHO ,ll;BH:>KeHHe flOJieHa, KaK H OH caM, 6bIJIO p;ocTaToqHo 6JIH3KO rocyp;apcTBeHHhIM CTPYKTypaM, B qacTHOCTH npaBHIQe:H TiapTHH cnpaBep;JIHBOCTH H pa3BHTHH, H36HpaTeJibHaH KaMnaHHH KOTopo:H B 2002 r. npoxop;HJia He 6e3 <P11HaHcoBo:H nop;p;ep:>KKH p;aHHoro 06'bep;11HeH11H7. CoTpyp;H11qecTBO npop;oJI:>KaJiocb p;o 2013 r., Korp;a noCJie KoppynQHOHHoro cKaHp;aJia 6bm OTnpaBJieH B OTCTaBey PM rocyp;apcrneHHhIX p;eHTeJie:H, a B03rJiaBJIHlOIQHH «XH3MeT» <I>. flOJieH 6hm o6BHHeH 3pp;oraHOM B opraHM3aQMM p;eHTeJibHOCTM, HanpaBJieHHOH npOTMB p;eHCTBYlOIQe:H B CTpaHe BJiaCTM M B IlOilbITKe ee 3aXBaTa8c Toro MOMeHTa <I>. flOJieH npo:>KMBaeT B CIIIA, oTeyp;a 11 npop;oJI:>KaeT OCYIQeCTBJIHTh CBOlO p;eHTeJibHOCTb.

0THOIIIeHMH p;aHHOrO p;:>KaMaaTa c TypeQKMMM BJiaCTHMM oco6eHHO o6ocTpMJIMCh nocJie nonhITKM rocyp;apcTBeHHoro nepeBopoTa B TypQMM

15 MlOJIH 2016 r. B ero opraH113aQMM AttKapa o6BHHHJia MMeHHO f10JieHa

1Caemoa 11. r. BbI30B Mo,11eptty 113 l\eHTpa CrnM6yJia: ,11JKaMaaT «YkMaHJI ara,, a 0611\e- cTBeHHo-rroJI11T11'IecKoi1 JKl13Hl1 Typl\1111 I I Y'IeHbie 3arr11cK11 Ka3aHcKoro ytt11Bepc11TeTa. 2013. URL: http://docplayer.ru/47624896-Vyzov-modernu-iz-centra-stambula-dzhamaat- ismail-aga-v-obshchestvennoy-zhizni-turcii-i-g-saetov.html.

2TaM JKe.

3TaM JKe.

4TaM JKe.

5Cemaate yakm 2.356 ~irket mercek altmda. URL: http://www.sozcu.eom.tr/2016/ ekonomi/cemaate-yakin-2-356-sirket-mercek-altinda-1325154I.

6Turkey coup: What is Gulen movement and what does it want? URL: http://www.bbc. com/news/world-europe-36855846.

7AaamKoB B. A. PoccIDI 11 Typl\IDI: BMeCTe HJil1 rropo3Hb? M. : MeJK,11yttapo,11tth1e OTHOIIIeHIDI, 2015. 278 C.

B TaM JKe.

102

H ITOTpe6oBana 3KCTpa,zi,m.J,HH ITpoIToBe,ll;HHKa H3 CIIIA, Ha 'ITOITOJiyqillla OTKa3 OT aMepttKaHCKHX BJiaCTeit

froJieH B CBOIO oqepe,zi;b ocy,zi;illl ITepeBopoT H, ITOJib3YHCb CJiyqaeM, 3aHBilll 0 CBOeH: HeITptt'IaCTHOCTllK lllOJibCKHM co6hITHHM. 0,zi;HaKo ero CJIOBa He y6e,zi;illltt ITpaBHTeJibCTBO Typ1.1,tttt H )')KeB OKTH6pe 2016 r. rnaBa MHHHCTepcTBa HHOCTpaHHbIX ,zi;eJI Typ1.1,tttt MeBJIIOT 1faByIIIorny Ha caMMHTe OpraHtt3aI.J,HH ttcJiaMcKoro coTpy,zi;Htt'IeCTBa(OI1C) B TaIIIKeHTe 3aHBilll, 'ITOITOITbITKa ITepeBoporn - ,ll;eJIO PYK froJieHa H 'ITOcTpaHbI OI1C oqm1.1,ttaJibHO ITpll3HalOT <l>ETO (TeppopHCTH'IeCKaHopraHH3aI.J,HH rIOJieHHCTOB) TeppopHCTH'IeCKHMofrhe,ll;HHeHH:eM. Ilo,zi; <l>ETO ITO,ll;pa3YMeBaeTCH pa3BeT-

BJieHHaH ceTb pa3Jill'IHbIXopraHH3aI.J,HH, CBH3aHHbIX c ,ll;BH:>KeHH:eM «XH3MeT».

OT,zi;eJihHOro BHHMaHHH 3acJiy:>KttBaeT yITOMHHYTOe ,ll;Btt:>KeHtte «MHJIJIH

fepIOIII», OCHOBaTeJieM KOTOporo HBJIHeTCH H,ll;eHHbIH JIH,ll;ep Typel.l,KHX ttcJiaMHCTOB He,ll;)KMeTTHH 3p6aKaH. 0Ho 6bIJIO ocHoBaHo B 1969 r., Kor,zi;a 3p6aKaH OITy6JIHKOBaJI MaHmpecT ITO,ll; aHaJIOrll'IHbIMHa3BaHH:eM, KOTOpbIH ll CTaJI 6a30H ,ll;JIH <PopMttpoBaHHH tt,zi;eoJIOrHH ,ll;BH:>KeHH:H.

Cpe,zi;tt OCHOBHbIX ITpHHI.l,llITOB ,zi;aHHOH opraHH:3aI.J,Hll - pa3BOpOT B CTOpoHy MYCYJibMaHCKHX cTpaH, ITOOII.1,peHtte ,ll;:>Kttxa,zi;a, :>KeJiaHtte BBeCTH 3aKo-

HbI IIIapttaTa. ,ll;BH:>KeHH:e TaK:>Ke OTJIH'IaeTCHCBOH:Mll B3rJIH,ll;aMH ITO ITOBO,ll;Y ITp03aITa,zi;HoH: ITOJIHTHKH Typ1.1,tttt, KOTOpaH ITO,ll;BepraeTcH KpttTHKe. B 3TOH CBH3ll OT ITpe,zi;cTaBHTeJieH ,zi;aHHOro ofrhe,ll;HHeHHH Hepe,zi;KO MO:>KHO ycJiblIIIaTb cy:>K,zi;eHHH 0 TOM, 'ITOyITa,ll;OK llCJiaMCKoro BJIHHHHH CBH3aH c ll3JIHIIIHHM ITO,zi;pa:>KaHH:eM 3aITa,zi;y ll ITepeHHMaHHeM 3aITa,ll;HbIX ITpHHI.l,llITOB ITOJIHTH'IeCKOHll o6II.J,eCTBeHHOH :>Kll3Hll, HeITpttrO,ll;HbIX ,ll;JIH HCJiaMCKOH CTpaHbl.

OoJIHOMO'IHHrocy,zi;apcTBa B MttpOB033peHHH 3p6aKaHa ,zi;oJI:>KHbI 6hITb IIIHpOKHMH: OHO ,ll;OJI)f{Ho o6ecITe'IH:BaTb06II.1,yro 6e30ITaCHOCTb, 3<l><l>eKTHBHOe yITpaBJieHH:e, OTBe'IaTb3a cy,ll;bl, BeCTll yqeT 3a TOBapaMH BO Bcex ceKTOpax 3KOHOMHKH, o6ecITe'IH:BaTbBcex rpa:>K,zi;aH ITeHCHHMll ll ITOC06HHMH

ITO 6e3pa60Ttt1.1,e. OcHOBHOH ITpHHI.J,HIT 3KOHOMHKH ITO 3p6aKaHy - ITpott3BO,ll;HTb CTOJihKO, CKOJihKO Heo6xo,zi;HMO ,ll;JIH ITOTpe6JieHH:H1.

OpttMe'IaTeJihHO,'ITOocHOBHOH ITJIOII.1,a,zi;KoH: opraHtt3aI.J,HH HBJIHeTCH

He Typ1.1,ttH, a TYPeI.J,Ktte 06II.1,HHhI B EBpoITe tt ITO BCeMy Mttpy. TaK, ee KpyrrHeHIIIaH H'IettKaHaXO,ll;llTCH B fepMaHHH, r,zi;e :>KHBeT 6oJiee 50 ThIC. ee 'IJieHOB2. 3TO CBH3aHO c TeM, 'ITOB caMOH Typl.l,Hll pa3BepHYTh ,zi;eHTeJibHOCTh B ITOJIHOH Mepe ,ll;BH:>KeHHIO He IT03BOJIHJIH ITpHHI.J,HIThl ceeyJIHpH3Ma ll JiaH- l.l,ll3Ma. «MllJIJIH fepIOIII» peryJIHpHO ITpOBO,ll;llT C'he3,ll;hlBO BCeX CTpaHaX CBOero ITpttCYTCTBHH: repMaHttH, Hll,ll;epJiaH,zi;ax, CIIIA, ABcTpaJIHH H ,zi;p.

Ha 6a3e ,zi;Btt:>KeHHH He,ll;)KMeTTttHa 3p6aKaHa MHoroKpaTHO <l>YHKI.J,HOHHpoBaJIH pa3JIH'IHhieITOJIHTH'IeCKH:eITapTHll. IlOCJie CHHTHH 3aITpeTa 3p6aKaHy Ha yqaCTH:e B ITOJIHTH'IeCKOH,zi;eHTeJihHOCTll B 1987 r. OH OCHOBaJI

1 3uzaliWW-ta r. M. l1c;raM B 06ll\eCTBeHHo-noJ111T11qecKoi1 lKH3HH Typ111111 (1980- 2000-e rr.). M.; 5mrmeK: KPCY, 2007. 93 c.

2 Where next? URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/15/opinion/where-next.html.

103

flapnuo 6Jiaro,n;eHCTBllil, 3aTeM ee CTOpOHHl1Kl1 OCHOBaJil1 flapT11IO ,n;o6po- ,ll;eTeJil1. CaM Jil1,ll;ep TPmK,ll;hI 6bIJI ITpeMbep-M11Hl1CTpOM CTPaHbI, BhIC'fYIIl1JI 11Hl1Q11aTopoM C03,ll;aHllil I1CJiaMCKOH BOCbMepK11 D-8.

KaK ITl1llleT rypeQKHH ITOJll1TOJIOr Arm l.fapKor.ny, BbIIlle,n;1mUI 113 napT1111 ,n;o6po,n;eTeJil1 flCP COXpaHl1Jla JIOH.JlbHOCTb 3p6aKaHy 11 CaMOMY ,ll;Bl1)KeHl1IO «M11JIJil1 feplOill». 06 3TOM CBl1,ll;eTeJibCTByeT MeMopaH,ll;YM Ml1Hl1CTepCTBa 11HOCTpaHHbIX ,ll;eJI TypQ1111 2003 r., B KOTOpOM roBOp11TCH 0 TOM, qTo rypeQKl1M ITOCOJibCTBaM CJie,n;yeT HaITpRMYIQ COTpy,n;H11qaTb C «Ml1JIJil1 fepIOill»l. OH )Ke ITl1IlleT, qTo co BpeMeHeM caMo ,n;B11)KeH11e TpaHccpopM11poBaJiocb 11 yme He CTOl1T Ha pa,n;11KaJibHblX aHTl13aITa,ll;HblX IT0311Ql1JIX. BMeCTO 3TOro OHO CTaJIO 6onee ,n;eMOKpaT11qHbIM 11 HacTpoeHHbIM Ha COTpy,n;H11qecTBO c EBpoITo:i12

00Ml1MO pen11r1103HblX 06I1IeCTB, KOTOpbie HeITocpe,n;CTBeHHO BJil1JIIOT Ha ITOJll1Tl1Ky, Ha ITpOTJI)KeHl111 BCero ITpaBJieHl1JI flCP B TypQ1111 aKTl1BHO I1IJ1a 11cJiaM113aQl1JI 6b1T0Boi1 )Kl13Hl1 HaceneH11JI. Ha116onee JIBHhIM ITpORBJieH11eM 3TOro cTaJIO MaCCOBOe cp11HaHc11poBaH11e CTp011TeJibCTBa MeqeTeH, B TOM q11cJie 3a py6e)KOM (B Ka3aXCTaHe, fpy31111; IIJiaH11pyeTCH CTp011TeJibCTBO ITepBOH B 3CTOHl111 MeqeT11).

KpoMe Toro, B xo,n;e o6pa3oBaTeJihHOH pecpopMbI MHor11e IllKOJihI 6bIJil1 ITpeo6pa30BaHbl B pen11r1103Hble J111Qe11 11MaM xaT116, B KOTOpbIX BBeJI11 pen11r1103Hb1e ITPOITOBe,n;11 11 yBeJI11q11JI11 KoJI11qecTBO qacoB Ha ITpeITo,n;aBaH11e pen11r11113. IloM11Mo 3Toro, )KeHI1Il1HaM, pa60Ta10IQ11M B rocyqpe)K,n;e- Hl1JIX, pa3peII1eHO HOCl1Tb Xl1,ll;)Ka6, a YITpaBJieH11e ITO ,ll;eJiaM pen11r1111 HaCTOJITeJibHO peKOMeH,ll;OBaJIO o6pyqeHHbIM MOJIO,ll;blM JllO,ll;JIM B03,n;ep)KaTbCJI OT ITpOHBJieHl1H qYBCTB Ha ITy6JI11Ke, BCTpeq Hae,n;11He 11 COBMeCTHOro ITpo- )Kl1BaHl1JI, «KOTOpoe MO)KeT ITOpO,Z1;11Tb cJiyxl1» 4.

YnpasneHMe no AenaM penMrMM

Ha ,n;eJITeJibHOCTl1 YITpaBJieH11JI ITO ,n;enaM pen11r1111 (Diyanet) cne,n;yeT

OCTaHOBl1TbCJI 6onee ITO,n;po6Ho. CorJiaCHO CT. 136 KOHCTl1TYQl111, ero ,n;eJITeJibHOCTb 3aKJIIOqaeTCH B «BbIIIOJIHeHl111 pa6oT, KOTOpbie KacaIOTCH BepoBaHl1H 11 3T11K11 I1cJiaMa, ITpoCBeI1IeH11JI HaceneH11JI o pen11r1111, a TaKme yrrpaBJieH11JI CBJII1IeHHblMl1 MeCTaM11» 5. B ,n;eHCTBl1TeJibHOCTl1 )Ke OHO C03,ll;aBaJIOCb ,ll;JIJI ITpOTl1BOBeca yc11JI11BaIOI1IeMyCH BJillilHl1IO Heocp11Ql1aJibHbIX pen11r1103HblX 06be,Z1;11HeH11H: «,l(HJIHeT» ,ll;OJI)KeH 6bIJI ,n;aTb KOHTpOJib ITpaBl1TeJibCTBy Ha,n; penHrH03HblMl1 yqpe)K,ll;eHHJIMl1, qTO 11 6hIJIO ,ll;OCTl1rHYTO.

1Rubin Barry, Ali <;arkoglu. Religion and Politics in Turkey. 2013, p. 66.

2TaM JKe.

3Typrvrn: l1cJraM113al.\HH rrpmrma B lllKOJihI 11 qTo 113 3Toro BhIIllJlo? URL: http://afmedia. ru/obshchestvo-i-politika/turciya-islamizaciya-prishla-v-shkoly-i-chto-iz-etogo-vyshlo.

4l1rnaM113aQ11H Typ111111 p;o6paJiacb 11 p;o 11HCTl1TYTa 6paKa. URL: https://newinform. com/4705-islamizaciya-turcii-dobralas-i-do-instituta-braka.

5Diyanet i§leri ba§kan1Jg1kuruku§ ve gorevleri hakkmda kanun. URL: http://www. mevzuat.gov.tr/Metin.Aspx?MevzuatKod = 1. 5.633&Mevzuatlliski = O&sourceXm!Search.

104

B HacToRrn;ee :JKe BpeMJI ,n;eR:TeJihHOCTh ynpaBJiemrn nocTORHHO pacIIIHpR:eTCJI. 610,ll;)KeT opraHtt3au;1111 B 2016 r. npeBhICHJI 6,5 MJip,n; TYPeQKHX Jittp1, B 2017 r. o:JKH,n;aJICJI noKa3aTeJih B 6,8 MJip,n; JIHp. B «,ll;HR:HeT» pa6oTaeT 6oJiee 110 TbIC. qeJI., B 2012 r. OHa OTKpbIJia co6CTBeHHbIH 24-qacOBOH TeJieKaHaJI.

YnpaBJieHtte KOHTPOJittpyeT ,n;eR:TeJihHOCTh Bcex 85 ThIC. TYPeu;KHx MeqeTe:H, a TaK:JKe BCex peJIHrH03HbIX IIIKOJI H HHCTHTYTOB CTpaHhl (Ha3BaHHbIX HMaM xaTH60B). OHO Henocpe,n;CTBeHHO CJie,n;HT 3a noCTpOHKOH HOBbIX peJIHrH03HbIX yqpe)K,ll;eHHH, a TaK:JKe npoBe,n;eHHeM pa3JIHqHbIX peJIHrH03HbIX npOCBeTHTeJibCKHX H o6rn;ecTBeHHbIX MeponpHRTHH.

BHyrpH CTpaHbl OXBaT HaceJieHHJI ynpaBJieHHeM HaCTOJibKO IIIHpOK, qTo He,n;aBHO 6b1JI0 no,n;nttcaHo cornaIIIeHtte Me:JK,n;y YnpaBJieHHeM no ,n;enaM peJIHrHH 11 YnpaBJieHHeM no CTHXHHHhIM 6e,n;CTBHRM H qpe3Bh1qaHHhIM cttzyau;HRM. B oqrnu;HaJihHOM 3aRBJieHHH roBopHTCR, qTo «,ll;HRHeT» «HMeeT CBOHX COTpy,n;HHKOB B caMOM ,ll;aJibHeM yrny AHaTOJIHH, B Ka:JK,n;o:H ,n;epeBHe 11 ceJieHHH»z, qTo no3BOJIHT ero COTPY,D;HHKaM 6h1cTpo pear11poBaTh Ha B03HHKaIOrn;He qpe3Bh1qai1:Hh1e c11zyau;1111.

,ll;eR:TeJibHOCTh «,ll;HR:HeT» IIIttpoKo pacnpoCTpaHeHa 3a npe,n;enaMH Typ- u;1111: npe,n;ce,n;aTeJih ynpaBJieHHR e:JKero,n;Ho npoBO,ll;HT BCTpeq11 c eBpone:H- cKoH: H TIOpKCKOH MOJIO,D;e:JKhlO, c ,n;eJierau;HRMH ,n;pyrHx CTpaH. 3a py6e- :JKOM BhrnycKaIOTCJI :iKypHaJihI H ra3eThI ,n;JIR MycyJihMaHcKoro HaceneHHR, a B HeKOTOpbIX CTpaHax YnpaBJieHHe OTBeqaeT H 3a Ha3HaqeHHe HMaMOB B MeCTHbie MeqeTH (HanpHMep, B foJIJiaH,n;HH3). B o6rn;eH: CJIO:JKHOCTH OHO cPYHKQHOHHpyeT B 102 CTpaHax MHpa.

l1HTepeCHO, qTO ,n;eR:TeJibHOCTb ynpaBJieHHJI TeCHO CBJI3aHO H HanpRMYIO KOHTpon11pyeTCR npe3H,n;eHTOM nyreM npoBe,n;eHHR ,n;Ba pa3a B ro,n; 3ace,n;a- HHH c yqacTtteM pacIIIttpeHHoro KOHCYJihTaTHBHoro KOMHTeTa ynpaBJieHHR, COCTOR:rn;ero 113 42 yqeHhIX H npH3BaHHOro noMoqb B peIIIeHHH peJIHrH03HbIX H ryMaHHTapHblX npo6neM.

KpoMe :noro, ynpaBJieHHe aKTHBHO B3aHMo,n;eH:cTByeT c nepeq11cneHHhIMH ,n;:JKaMaaTaMH H TapHKaTaMH. HecMOTpR: Ha TO, qTO o<Pttu;HaJibHO «,ll;HR:HeT» He npH3HaeT ,n;eR:TeJibHOCTb TapHKaTOB HJIH ,n;:JKaMaaTOB, cqHTaR ee HenpaBOMepHo:H, B noCJ1e,n;Hee BpeMJI B3aHMo,n;eH:cTBHe 3THX CTPYKTYP CTaJIO ,ll;OBOJibHO TeCHbIM: TaK, npaKTHqecKH Bee KypCbl KopaHa HJIH ,n;pyrtte peJIHrH03HO-npocBeTHTeJibCKHe 3aBe,n;eHHR TapHKaTOB 6hIJIH npH3HaHbl 3aKOHHbIMH, a MHOrHe npe,n;cTaBHTeJIH TapHKaTOB Ha3HaqaJOTCJI «,ll;HR:HeTOM» Ha ,ll;OJl:JKHOCTH HMaMOB.

5 JIHBapR 2017 r. cocTORJiach BCTpeqa pyKOBO,ll;HTeneH: YnpaBJieHHR c npe,n;cTaBHTeJIJIMH 6onee qeM 30 pa3JIHqHbIX TapttKaTOB H ,n;:JKaMaa-

1Diyanet'in dini imam para! URL: http://www.birgun.net/haber-detay/diyanet-in-dini- imani-para-105498.html.

2Diyanet ile AFAD arasmda i~birligi protokolii. URL: http:/ /diyanet.gov.tr/tr/icerik/ diyanet-ile-afad-arasinda-isbirligi-protokolu/39372?getEnglish.

3Rubin Barry, Ali <;arkoglu... P. 66.

105

TOB1, ocpm.~HaJlhHhIM IlOBO,ll;OM ,n;JUI KOTOpoH: CTana o6~rui: Heo6xo,n;HMOCTh

6opOThCR c TaKHMH «TeppopHCTJfqecKHMH opramrna1.vrnMH», KaK <I>ETO H HcJiaMcKoe rocy,n;apcTBO (3anpe~eHHOe B PoccHH). Ha BCTpeqe npHCYTCTBOBaJIH rJiaBhI KpyntteH:ru.Hx TYPeQKHX HCJiaMCKHX coo6~ecTB, B TOM qHCJie H ynoMRHYThIX «HcMaHJI ara» H TapHKaTa HaKru6eH,n;H, qTo roBopHT 0 BhICOKOM ypOBHe npOBO,ll;HMOro MeponpHRTHR.

Ha BCTpeqe 6hmo npoB03rJiaI.I.IeHO IlRTh OCHOBHhIX npHHQHilOB, Ha KOTOphIX o6'be,n;HHeHHR roTOBhl COTpy,n;HHqaTh c «,ll,HRHeTOM», cpe,n;H KOTOphIX - npeKpa~eHHe npeCJie,n;oBaHHR HX q]leHOB H MaprHHaJIH3aQHH 3THX coo6~eCTB, a TaIOKe npH3HaHHe HX cnoco6oB CJI)')KeHHRKyJihTY npaBoMepHhIMH2.

TaKHM o6pa3oM, nocTeneHHO B3aHMo,n;eH:cTBHe ynpaBJieHHR H HeocpHQHaJihHhIX peJIHrH03HhlX o6'be,ll;HHeHHHCTaHOBHTCR OTKphIThIM, qTo, 6e3YCJIOBHO, 6y,n;eT cnoco6cTsosaTh yKpenJieHmo no3HQHH HCJiaMa B cTpaHe.

AccoqHaqHH npoMb1wneHHHKOB HnpeAnpHHHMarenei (MIOCMAA)

OT,n;eJihHOro BHHMaHHR 3acJiy:>1msaeT AccoQHaQHR npoMhII.I.IJieHHHKOB H npe,n;npHHHMaTeJieH (Miisiad) - opraHH3aQHR, rJiaBHOH QeJihlO KOTOpoH: RBJIReTCR no,n;,n;ep:>1<Ka MycyJihMaHCKHX npe,n;npHHHMaTeJieH: cTpaHhI. 0Ha 6hma C03,ll;aHa B 1990 r. H c Tex nop HrpaeT BmI<HyIO pOJih B TYPeQKOH 3KOHOMHKe.

K.JiroqeBOH oco6eHHOCThlO ,n;eHTeJihHOCTH opraHH3aQHH HBJIHeTCH peJIHrH03HaH cocTaBJIHIO~aR: no cJiosaM pyKoso,n;HTeJIH Me:>K,n;yHapo,n;Horo oT,n;eJia opraHH3aQHH A,n;eMa BapHcH, s TypQHH Heo6xo,n;HMa opraHH3aQHR, KOTOprui: «CTpeMHJiaCh 6hI coxpaHHTh 'TypeQKHeTpa,n;HQHH» 3.

OH TaIOKe OTMeTHJI, qTo y MIOCI1A,ll, HMeIOTCR TeCHhie CBH3H c pyKoso,n;- CTBOM CTpaHhl, B TOM qHcJie H npRMOH KOHTaKT c MHHHCTpOM 3KOHOMHKH. XoTR YTBep:>K,n;aeTCR, qTo qJieHOM MIOCHA,ll, MO:>KeT cTaTh H HeMycyJihMaHHH, npoQe,n;ypa 3Ta oqeHh CJIO:>KHa: ,ll;JIH BCTynJieHHH H)')KHOIlOJiyqHTh IlOJIO:>KHTeJihHyIO xapaKTepHCTHKy OT ,n;syx qJieHOB opraHH3aQHH.

YqacTHHKH o6'be,n;HHeHHHHMeIOT cTporHe o6H3aTeJihCTBa: HanpHMep, npH Heo6xo,n;HMOCTH 3aKynHTh Chiphe npe,n;npHHHMaTeJih ,ll;OJI:>KeH B nepsyro oqepe,n;h o6paTHThCH K ,n;pyrHM qneHaMH opraHH3aQHH H JIHI.I.Ih npH OTCYTCTBHH TOBapa y HHX - K CTOpOHHHM IlOCTaB~HKaM.

no CJIOBaM BapHCH, KOHeqHoH QeJihlO MIOCHA,ll, HBJIHeTCH «pa3BHTHe npHHQHnos HCJiaMcKoH: coJIH,n;apHOCTH H 6paTCTBa»4. OpraHH3aQHH

1Diyanet 30 tarikatlarla gorii§tii: 'Cemaatler ve Tarikatlar Bulu§mas1' diizenleyecek. URL: http:I/www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/diyanet-30-tarikatlarla-gorustu-cemaatler-ve-tarikatlar- bulusmasi-duzenleyecek.

2TaM )l(e.

3MIOCI1A,ll,: Ofrbe,llHHfill nyqIIIee. URL: http://www.islamnews.ru/news-5652.html.

4TaM )i(e.

106

aKTl1BHO COTJ>Y,D;H11qaeT c 11CJiaMCKHMl1 npe,n;np11Hl1MaTeJIBMl1 ,n;pyr11x CTJ>aH: Jl11BaHa, Er11nTa, Tytt11ca. B Hee Bxo,n;11T 6oJiee 7500 KOMnaH11H:, KOTOpbre B CYMMe ,n;aIOT 6oJiee 12 % BBIT CTpaHb11.

«3eneHblM KanHran» BTyp._HH

Cyrn;ecTByeT MHem1e, qTo 3Haq11TeJibHYIO poJib B :>Kl13Hl1 Typu;1111 11rpaeT «3eJieHbIH Kaill1TaJI» - cpe,n;CTBa, 11CTOqHl1KOM np011CXO:>K,D;eHl1H KOTOpbIX HBJIHIOTCH MYCYJibMaHcK11e CTpaHbI 11JI11 KOMnaH1111, cpyHKu;110H11pyIOru;11e Ha OCHOBe 11CJiaMCKl1X np11Hl.1;11IlOB.

B ccpepy «3eJieHoro Kan11TaJia» BXOMT TaK11e KpynHbie TYPeu;K11e KOMnaH1111, KaK npo,n;oBOJibCTBeHHbIH xoJI,n;11Hr Ulker ( «YJihKep»), Me6eJibHaH KOMilaHl1H istikbal ( «l1CTl1K6aJib»)' XOJI,n;l1Hrl1 Kombassan ( «KOM6accaH»)

11 Yimpa~ («H11Mnarn») 11 MHor11e ,n;pyr11e.

KaK nmneT r. M. 311raHllil1Ha, OHl1 HanpHMYIQ IlO,lI,ll;ep:>K11BaIOT np011CJiaMCKl1 HaCTpOeHHbie napT1111: TaK, «KOM6accaH» 6bma rnaBHbIM CilOHCOpOM KaMnaH1111 IlapT1111 6Jiaro,n;eHCTBHH2 He.zi;:>KMeTT11Ha 3p6aKaHa Ha Bbr6opax

1996 r. KpoMe Toro, cq11TaeTCH, qTo BoeHHoe PYKOBO.D;CTBO CTpaHhI npe,n;- noqMTaeT He 3aKynaTb npO.D;YKl.l;MIO KOMilaHl111 «YJibKep» ,D;JIH CBOl1X HY:>K.D;, qTo6bI He cnoco6cTBOBaTb cp11HaHc11poBaHMIO 11CJiaMl13Ma, qTo Jil1llib no,n;- TBep:>K,n;aeT CBH3ll 3TMX KOMilaHl1H c 11CJiaMCKl1Ml1 KpyraMM.

Ilo MHeHMIO pH,n;a 11CCJie,n;oBaTeJieH:, B03p0Cllil1H 11HTepec K MCJiaMy Hepa3pbIBHO CBH3aH c Me:>K,n;yHapo,D;HbIMl1 11CJiaMCKl1Ml1 11HCTl1TYTaM11, a TaK:>Ke OT,D;eJibHbIMl1 CTpaHaMM, KOTOpbie 11rpaIOT 3Haq11MYIO pOJib BO BHYTpeHHeH: noJI11T11Ke Typeu;Ko:H Pecny6JI11K113. ~aHHoe Cy:>K,n;eH11e oco6eHHO no,n;TBep:>K- ,n;aeTCH Ha np11Mepe HOJil1Tl1Kl1 npaBHru;eH: napT11ll.

C npHxo,n;oM K BJiacT11 ITCP B cTpaHy aKTMBHO HaqaJI11 noCTynaTh ,n;eHbr11 113-3a py6e:>Ka, B TOM qJfcJie 11 M3 Cay,n;oBCKoH: ApaBMl1. Ilpou;BeTaeT ,n;eHTeJibHOCTb acpcp11JI11pOBaHHbIX c cay,n;11TaM11 6aHKOB, Hanp11Mep <«PaH:caJI Cl>11HaHC» ll «AJih-EapaKa».

KpynHhIM MCTOqH11KoM nocTynJieH11H: M3-3a py6e:>Ka, B qacTHOCTl1 113 repMaHl111, HBJIHIOTCH 11 ,n;eHbrM 3M11rpaHTOB, KOTOpbie aKTl1BHO nepeq11CJIHIOT cpe,n;cTBa Ha cqeTa MCJiaMCKl1X opraHM3au;Mtt. l1HTepecHO, qTO MHOr11e 113 3MHrpaHTOB HBJIHIOTCH np11Bep:>KeHu;aMM ,D;BM:>KeHMH «MMJIJil1 fepIOllI». KpoMe TOrO, MHOrl1e KOMilaHl111 «3eJieHOrO KailMTaJia» aKTl1BHO yqacTBYIOT B ,n;eHTeJihHOCTl1 MIOCI1M, qTo 3Haq11TeJibHO yc11JIMBaeT 11X B3aMM03aBl1Cl1MOCTb 11, KaK CJie,D;CTBMe, BJil1HHMe Ha 3KOHOMl1KY CTpaHbI B u;eJIOM.

1 MIOCI1M: 06oe,llllHfill Jij"IIIIee. URL: http://www.islamnews.ru/news-5652.html.

2 3uzaHll1Wta r. M. YKa3. coq.

3 Beprn;zes K. B. I1CJiaMCKtti1 cpaKTop B rroJittTifqeCKoii lKJ13Hll Typl\lflf I I I1CJiaM Ha coBpeMeHHOM BocTOKe /OTB. pe/'.I.: B. 51. EeJioKpeHHl\Klftt, A. 3. EropttH. M. : I1B PAH; KpacpT+,

2004. 4440 c.

107

OrHoweHHR ceoeHHblMH: pect>opMbl Coeera HaQHOHanbHOM 6e3onacHOCTH, Aeno «3preHeKOH»

Ba:>KHbIM ITOJIHTHqecKOM HrpOKOM B Typu;HH BCer.n;a OCTaBaJIHCb BOeHHbie. 11x rJiaBHOH ll;eJibID Ha ITpOnl:)KeHHH ,ll;OJirHX JieT .HBJIBeTCH coxpaHeHHe HenpHKOCHOBeHHOCTH .n;eMOKpaTHqecKHX u;eHHOCTeH H pecITy6JIHKaHCKHX H,D;e:H, 3aJIO)KeHHbIX ocHoBaTeJieM rocy.n;apcTBa MycTa<l>o:H KeManeM ATaTIDpKOM.

B qaCTHOCTH, ITOJIHTHKa BOeHHbIX Hau;eJieHa Ha JIHKBH,D;au;HID HCJiaMa H3 ITOJIHTHqecKo:H )KH3HH rocy.n;apCTBa. Ha ITpOT.H)KeHHH XX B. TYPeu;KHe BOeHHbie HeO,D;HOKpaTHO BMennrnaJIHCb B ITOJIHTHqecKYID )Kfl3Hb CTpaHbI: B 1960 H 1980 rr. 6bIJIH COBeprneHbl BOeHHbie nepeBOpOTbl, KOTOpbie OKa3aJIH 3HaqHTeJibHOe BJIH.HHHe Ha ,ll;aJibHe:Hrnyro )KH3Hb Typu;HH.

fIOMHMO 3KCTpeHHbIX Mep TYPeu;KHe BOeHHbie ITpe.n;ITpHHHMaIDT ITOCTO-

.HHHOe ITp.HMOe B03,ll;eHCTBHe Ha npOBO,ll;HMYID B CTpaHe ITOJIHTHKy. B paMKaX CoBeTa Hau;HOHaJibHOH 6e30ITaCHOCTH Typu;HH, KOTOpbIH COCTOHT H3 HaqaJibHHKa feHepanbHoro rnTa6a, ITpe3H,D;eHTa cTpaHbI, a TaK)Ke OT,ll;eJibHbIX MHHHCTpOB, <l>opMHpyeTC.H IlOJIHTHKa B o6JiaCTH Hau;HoHaJibHOH 6e3onaCHOCTH.

<PaKTHqecKH CoBeT 6e30ITaCHOCTH KOHTpOJIHpOBaJI HCITOJIHHTeJibHYID BJiaCTb CTpaHbl, O,ll;HaKO ero CTaryc H BJIH.HHHe 6bIJIH CHJibHO ITO,ll;OpBaHbl B 2004 r. B paMKax neperoBopoB o BcryllJleHHH Typu;HH B EBpocoro3 ITpaBHTeJibCTBO CTpaHbl, .n;a6bI COOTBeTCTBOBaTb KoneHrareHCKHM KpHTepH.HM, ITPHH.HJIO MepbI ITO orpaHHqeHHID KOMITeTeHu;H:H CoBeTa. OH CTaJI coBem;a- TeJibHbIM opraHoM, a reHepaJibHbIH ceKpeTapb CoBeTa Tenepb Ha3HaqaeTCH ITpeMbep-MHHHCTpOM. Eonee Toro, nocne H3MeHeHHH Ha 3TY ,ll;OJI)KHOCTb MOrJio 6bITb Ha3HaqeHO H rpa:>K,D;aHCKOe JIHll;O.

0.n;HaKO HaH6onee cym;ecTBeHHbIM y.n;apoM ITO BOeHHbIM CTaJia OITepall;H.H «3preHeKOH», B paMKax KOTopo:H MHOrHe BbICOKOilOCTaBJieHHbie reHepaJibl 6bIJIH JIHllieHbl CBOHX ITOCTOB H OTITpaBJieHbl B TIDpbMy. flo BepCHH CJie,D;CTBH.H, «3preHeKOH» - TaHHa.H opraHH3au;m1, C03,ll;aHHa.H cneu;HaJibHO

MR CBep)KeHH.H .n;e:HcTByrom;e:H BJiaCTH ITYTeM ITpoBe.n;eHH.H BOeHHoro ITepeBopoTa. Ero ITJiaH 6bIJI pa3pa6oTaH em;e B 2003 r. H IToJiyqHJI Ha3BaHHe «EaJib03».

flepBbie apeCTbl HaqaJIHCb B 2008 r., cpe.n;H apeCTOBaHHblX 6bIJIH caMbie BJIH.HTeJibHbie TYPeu;KHe BOeHHh1e: KOMaH,D;yIDID;HH ITOJieBo:H apMHH cyxoITYTHbIX BOHCK qeTHH ,LJ;oraH, rnaBa feHrnTa6a 11JihKep Earn6yr, 6hIBllIHH reHepaJibHbIH ceKpeTapb CoBeTa Hau;HoHaJibHOH 6e3onacHocTH lIIIDKpID CapbIHllibIK, a TaK)Ke MHOroqHCJieHHbie reHepaJibl H a.n;MHpaJibl.

KpoMe BOeHHbIX no.n; cy.n; ITOITaJIH )KypHaJIHCTbI, peKTOpbI yHHBepcHTeTOB, 6H3HeCMeHbl H npo<l>cOID3Hbie JIH,D;epbl. fIO HTOraM paCCJie,ll;OBaHH.H B 2012 r. 6onee IT.HTHCOT qeJioBeK ITOJiyqHJIH TIDpeMHbie cpoKH1, B TOM qHCJie

1 'ITO JK,11eT Typ~mo rrocJie IIOIIhITKH rrepesoporn. URL: http://www.interfax-religion. ru/?act=print&div= 19714.

108

H IIO)l(H:3HeHHhie. Ilo HTOraM orrepaQH:H 60Jiee 17 o/o BCero oqmu;epCKOrO COCTaBa 6hIJIO }'BOJieHol.

TaKHM o6pa3oM, B paMKax BhIIIOJIHeHHH rrpe,zi;rrH:caHHH EBpocoI03a Typeu;KOH Pecny6JIHKe YAaJIOCb OTCTpaHH:Tb OT BJiaCTH BOeHHbIX, KOTOpbie IIOTepAAH B03MO)l(HOCTb BJIH:HTb Ha IIOJIHTWieCKHH KYPC CTpaH.bl, qTo COOTBeTCTBOBaJio HHTepecaM IlCP. B pe3yJibTaTe MaCCOBbIX qifCTOK B apMHH 60JibIIIaH qacTh BJIH:HTeJibHbIX BOeHHbIX BOeHHbIX 6hmO CMeIQeHO co CBOHX ,ll;OJI)l(HOCTeH, a IlapTH:H crrpaBe,ll;JIHBOCTH H pa3BHTHH CTaJia 3HaqH:TeJibHO

CB06o,zi;Hee B Be,zi;eHHH co6CTBeHHOH IIOJIHTHKH.

BnMRHMe HcnaMH3a...MM Ha Me>KAyHapOAHble

OTHOWeHMR

Ilpou;ecc HCJiaMH:3aQHH 3aTpOHYJI H BHeIIIHIOIO IlOJIHTHKY Typeu;KOH Pecrry6JIH:KH, KOTOpaH CTpeMH:JiaCh pacIIIHpHTb CBH3H c 3arpaHH:qHbIMH rrapTHepaMH:. C MOMeHTa IIpHXO,ll;a K BJiaCTH IlapTHH crrpaBe,ll;JIHBOCTH H pa3BHTH:H npHopH:TeTHOH rroJIHTHKOH Typu;HH 6bma rroJIHTH:Ka «HOJih rrpo6JieM c coce,ll;HMH», H:,ll;eH KOTOpoH: BbI,n;BHHYJI AxMeT ~aBYTOrJiy H KOTOpaH rrpe-

.zi;orrpe,zi;eJIHJia pa3BHTH:e ,zi;BycTopoHHHX OTHoIIIeHHH Typu;HH c coce,zi;HHMH

perHOHaJibHbIMH CTpaHaMH:.

KpoMe Toro, B CBOeH KHHre «CTpaTerH:qecKaH rJiy6H:Ha» ~aBYTOrJiy

rrHIIIeT, qTo y Typu;HH ecTh rJiy6oKHe HCTOpHqecKHe H KYJihTYPHhie CBH3H co cTpaHaMH EJIH)l(Hero BocToKa H LI;eHTpaJibHOH A.3HH, pa3BHTH:e KOTOpbIX MO)l(eT BbIBeCTH Typu;HIO Ha ypoBeHb perHOHaJihHhIX .zi;ep)l(aB. ABTop KHHrH TaK)l(e aKu;eHTHpyeT BHHMaHH:e Ha TOM, qTo rrepeKOC B CTOpoHy 3ana.zi;a MO)l(eT 6bITb ry6HTeJieH ,ll;JIH Typeu;KOH H:,ll;eHTH:qHOCTH, I103TOMY Heo6xo- ,ll;HMO ypaBHOBeCHTb. c6JIH:)l(eHH:e c 3ana,zi;OM C03,ll;aHHeM MHOroqHCJieHHbIX perHOHaJibHblX COI030B2.

Pa3Bopozy Typu;mi: Ha BOCTOK BO MHOrOM crroco6CTBOBaJIH H caMH: 3arra.zi;- Hbie CTpaHhl, KOTOpbie He XOTeJIH: rrepeHOCH:Tb TeCHhie CBH3H c Typu;Hett H3 3KOHOMH:qecKoi1 rrJiocKOCTH B rroJI11T11qecKYJO. Harrp11Mep, Ha pecpepeHAYMax BO <I>paHu;1111 11 B HH:,ll;epJiaH,ll;ax B 2005 r. JIIOAH rrporoJiocoBaJIH rrpoTHB HOBOH KOHCTHTYQHH, B KOTOpoi1 co.zi;ep)l(aJIHCb IlyttKTbI 0 HOBbIX qneHax EBpocoI03a, B TOM q11cJie 11 o Typu;1111.

Typeu;KaH Pecny6JI11Ka Bcer.zi;a 6h1Jia BhirO,zi;Ha 3arra.zi;y B KaqecTBe 3KOHOM11qecKoro napTHepa, HO IlOJIHTHqecKHe npo6JieMbl rocy.zi;apCTBa, KOTOpoe pacrroJiaraeTCH B HeCTa6H:JibHOM per110He EJIH)l(Hero BocToKa, peIIIaTh HHKTO He 6bm HaMepeH. I1MeHHO no 3TOH rrp11q11He PYKOBO,ll;CTBO EBpocoI03a rrpo.zi;om1<aeT BBO,ll;H:Tb HOBhie o6H3aTeJibCTBa ,ll;JIH BCzynJieHHH Typu;1111 B opraHH3au;HIO, a rroxoJio,zi;aHHe B OTHOIIIeHHHX Typu;11H - EC 11 BOBce

1 Yrn JK,lleT Typ~HJO nocne nonhITKH nepeaopoTa. URL: http:/ /www.interfax-religion. ru/?act=print&div=19714.

2 The rise of political Islam in Turkish Policy. RAND. URL: https://www.rand.org/content/ dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG 726.sum.pdf.

109

BbirO,ll;HO 3arra,a;y KaK HHKOr,11;a, rrpH'IeMII0,11; CJIOBOM «3arra,11;» B ,11;aHHOM CJiyqae rro,11;pa3JMeBaeTCH He TOJihKO EBporra.

c rrpHXO,ll;OM ncp TypQHfl CTaJia rrpOBO,ll;HTb 6oJiee aKTHBHYIO IIOJIHTHKY Ha .6JIH:>KHeM BocTOKe. Otta aKTHBHO yqacTBOBaJia B JIHBaHCKOM KpH3HCe 2006 r., IIOCJiaB 6oJiee TbICf!qH BOeHHOCJiy:>KaIQHX ,ll;Jlfl yqaCTHfl B MHpornopqeCKoH: orrepaQHH OOH. CBH3H TypQHH c CHpHeH: H l1pattoM pa3BHBaJIHCb BOKpyr Kyp,ll;CKOH rrpo6JieMbI: H,ll;efl C03,ll;aHHfl e,ll;HHOro He3aBHCHMOro Kyp,11;HcTaHa 3aCTaBHJia cTpaHhI BMeCTe pa6oTaTb Ha,11; 3THM BOIIpOCOM.

3ttaqHTeJibHoe ycKopeHHe rroJiyqHJIH CBH3H c l1paHoM. ToBapoo6opoT ,ll;Byx CTpaH CHJibHO Bbipoc c 2001 r., rrpeo,11;0JieB B 2011 r. OTMeTKy TOBapoo6opoTa B 15 MJip,11; ,ll;OJIJI.1 Pa3BHBaJIOCb COTpy,ll;HHqecTBO B 3HepreTHqecKOH ccpepe - TypQHH H l1paH rro,11;rr11can11 MeMopaH,ll;YM o B3aHMOIIOHHMaHHH B 2007 r., no KOTOpOMY HpaHCKHH ra3 ,ll;OJI:>KeH 6hm qepe3 TypQHIO rrocryrraTb B EBporry.

Tpa,ll;HQHOHHO Ba:>KHhie CBH3H c apa6CKHMH CTpaHaMH TaK:>Ke yrrpoqHJIHCb. B 2006 r. cocTOHJICH BH3HT B TypQHIO KopoJIH Cay,11;0BcKoH ApaBHH A6,11;aJIJihI AJih Cay,11;a - rrepBbIM BH3HT rrepBoro JIHQa KopoJieBCTBa B TypQHIO 3a 40 JieT. IloMHMO Cay,11;0BcKoH: ApaBHH, TypQHH pa3BHBaJia OTHOIIIeHHH c ErHIITOM 11 TyHHCOM: c rrepBhIM B 2006 r. 6b1JI0 rro,11;rrHcatto cornaIIIeHHe o CB060,11;HOH ToproBJie, qTo 3HaqHTeJibHO CTHMYJIHpOBaJIO TypeQKO-erHrreT- CKoe 3KOHOMHqecKoe B3aHMO,ll;eHCTBHe, co BTOpbIM 6bm 3aKJIIQqeH ,11;oroBOp 0 C03,ll;aHHH CoBeTa IIO CTpaTerHqeCKOMY COTpy,ll;HHqecTBY Ha BbICIIIeM ypOBHe2.

0T,ZJ;eJihHO cJie.n;yeT ocTaHOBHThCH Ha B3aHMOOTHOIIIeHHHX rJiaBbI TYPeQKoro rocy,11;apCTBa c opraHH3aQHeH «EpaTbfl-MYCYJibMaHe», KOTopaH rrpH3HaHa TeppopHCTHqecKOH HeKOTOpbIMH rocy,11;apCTBaMH, B TOM qHcJie Pocc11eH:. 3p,11;oraH He cKpbrnaeT CBoeH: rroAn;ep:>KKH accoQHaQHH: TaK, B cpeBpaJie

2017 r. Ha cpotte 06cY:>K,11;eHHH B CIIIA o rrp11q11cJieHHH opraHH3aQHH K Teppop11cT11qecKHM TypeQKHH JIH,ll;ep 3af!BHJI, qTo «EpaTbfl-MYCYJibMaHe - JIHlllb H,11;eOJIOr11qecKafl opraHH3aQHfl, a He BOOpJ:>KeHHM rpyrrrrHpOBKa»3. B rro,11;TBep:>K,11;eHHe cBoHx CJIOB 3p,11;oraH OTMeTHJI, qTo B TypQHH He 6hmo 3aMeqeHO HH e,11;11Horo rrpOHBJieHHfl HaCHJIHfl HJIH TeppopHCTHqecKHX ,11;eH:- CTBHH co cTopOHhI opraHH3aQHH.

06'bf!CHeHHerro,11;06HOH pHTOpHKH 3p,11;oraHa KpoeTCH B o6IQeM :>KeJiaHHH B03p0,ll;HTb «3py HCJiaMCKOrO rrpaBJieHHfI>,4. Ilo MHeHHIO ,ll;yxOBHOrO JIH,ll;epa

1 Economic and Commercial Relations with Iran URL: http://www.mfa.gov.tr/economic- and-commercial-relations-with-iran.en.mfa.

2Relations between Turkey and Tunisia. URL: http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between- turkey-and-tunisia.en.mfa.

3Turkey's Erdogan: Muslim Brotherhood is ideological, not terrorist organization. URL: https: I /www.middleeastmonitor.com/20170217-turkeys-erdogan-muslim-brotherhood-is- ideological-not-terrorist-organisation.

4Turkey's relationship with the Muslim Brotherhood. 14 October 2013. URL: http:// english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/alarabiya-studies /2013 /10/14/Turkey-s-relationship- with-the-Muslim-Brotherhood.html.

110