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sionals, programmers, and application developers. A more complex structure is emerging – a combination of people and robots, cloud and office work, onshoring and outsourcing. Routine work is automated, creative functions are expanded. A new type of BPO service – management of digital transformation of enterprises – has appeared.

New products, areas and opportunities are emerging. Therefore, prospects for development of software, IT services and business process outsourcing remain. However, this sector in many African and Asian countries will be more oriented not to the markets of developed countries (traditional customers in IT services outsourcing and BPO), but to the domestic market and the markets of neighboring countries with less developed IT or with more expensive labor force.

Such well-known products as expert systems, machine speech recognition, and machine vision fall under the definition of artificial intelligence. Obviously, there are technical systems that combine the properties of robots and artificial intelligence, for example, anthropomorphic robots that communicate with the public. Full-fledged artificial intelligence systems are able to find a solution without human intervention in the event of an unusual situation. Such successful artificial intelligence systems such as Amazon AI services, IBM Watson Assistant, Microsoft Cognitive Services and Google AI services have already gained fame.

In machine learning of artificial intelligence systems, a very important innovation in recent years is the technology of neural networksthat use the algorithms, by which the human brain works in nature. Combining artificial intelligence with modern automotive technology gives driverless cars and trucks that are already widely used in mining for heavy dump trucks. Asian economies do not occupy a leading position in the development of artificial intelligence. There is a shortage of specialists in this field in Asia.

On the basis of the analysis of technologies presented above, the picture of the finished production cycle with minimal human

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participation is drawn. New technologies, gradually developing for several decades, are changing the production apparatus of developed countries and are spreading to developing countries.

New productive forces create opportunities for economic development:

1) they considerably remove resource constraints that are caused by the natural component;

2) they increase significantly the productivity of equipment, as automation leads to the displacement of human operator from the production process,

3) the smaller role of a person eliminates the human factor, improving the quality of products;

4) the ability to quickly reconfigure CNC machines and robotics leads to great flexibility in the production process;

5) increased commercial efficiency due to the flexibility of equipment and minimization of human labor participation;

6) men and women are no longer engaged in harmful, monotonous, exhausting work;

7) the new productive forces are increasingly becoming international;

8) modern productive forces create an opportunity for the development of the national reproduction complex, to a lesser extent than now dependent on imports of both raw materials and fuel, and finished products.

At the same time, they create new risks for the social and economic development of all countries, both developed and developing ones, having an impact, through the channels of globalization, on all subjects of the world economy. Risks associated with the new system of productive forces:

1)the biggest risk of the new system is its main achievement – the elimination of humans from the production process;

2)as a result of the disappearance of a human producer, market regulation decreases and the role of redistributive processes controlled by the state grows;

3)as cheap labor resources is not an advantage any more, tried and tested mechanism of catch-up development for developing countries disappears;

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4)a high role of information in production makes it vulnerable to hacker attacks;

5)the risk of creating a large number of oligopolies and monopolies in technologically important industries, which are created by the leaders of the technological race;

6)there is a risk of disintegration of the world into the developed and developing parts according to new technological criteria, at the same time it will be extremely difficult for developing economies to break out to the category of the developed countries;

7)the risk that not only in developing countries, but also in developed ones, there will be a minority who work to solve the real problems of technology and society, and next to it there will be a majority living on benefits or doing work that is needed only to engage the unemployed;

8)technological dependence can become a very important factor in international relations.

Thus, capital and skilled labor in the production and maintenance of new equipment become essential in the productive forces, reducing the role of natural resources and large masses of workers of medium and low qualification.

Asian countries are at the forefront of the new technological wave in many aspects. China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, Israel, to a lesser extent India, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia occupy leading positions in the world in manufacturing of electronic components and electronics products, the production and use of CNC machines and industrial robots, in solar energy, as well as a number of new technologies in agriculture.

The world giants in the field of programming, both for their own needs and for offshore services, are China and India. India is also a leader in outsourcing services. At the same time, in the field of additive technologies, in the creation and maintenance of operating systems for mass electronic devices, in artificial intelligence, the leadership belongs to Western countries, primarily the United States.

Russia is lagging behind in the unfolding wave of a new technological race in the world. In the fourth industrial revolu-

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