Добавил:
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Учебное пособие 400183

.doc
Скачиваний:
6
Добавлен:
30.04.2022
Размер:
2.42 Mб
Скачать

3!>74020O 3C3@>7K,3 3?@>B82>1>@AB2CNI85 3AB>@>=K 3AB@5<OBAO 34>AB8GL 3=5A>2<5AB=KE 3F5;59 32 3@0<:0E 3A8AB5<K,3 3>1@07>20==>9 38<8.3 3>=D;8:B=K5 42708<>459AB28O 4<564C 4>1J5:B>< 470I8BK 4 48 4>1J5:B>< 4=0?045=8O 4>B=>AOBAO 42 4MB>< 4A;CG05 4: 40=B03>=8AB8G5A:8<.4 4­>=OB8O 4AB@0B5389 4=0?045=8O 48 470I8BK 4:0: 40;LB5@=0B82=KE 44@C3 44@C3C 48A?>;L7CNBAO 4 42 4B>< 465 4A<KA;5,4 4:>B>@K9 4>=8 48<5NB 4 42 4<0B5<0B8G5A:>9 4B5>@88 483@ 48 455 4?@8;>65=8OE.4 4040G0 4:064>3> 487 4CG0AB=8:>2 48=D>@<0F8>==>3> 4:>=D;8:B0 4A2>48BAO 4: 4B><C,4 4GB>1K 4@50;87>20BL 487 48<5NI53>AO 4=01>@0 40;LB5@=0B82=KE 420@80=B>2 4B0:CN 4AB@0B538N 470I8BK 48 4=0?045=8O,4 4:>B>@0O 41K 4>15A?5G8;0:4 4CA?5E 4(42K83@KH)4 4 4=0 44;8B5;L=>AB8 4:>=D;8:B=>9 4A8BC0F88;4 4A>AB>O=85,4 4:>B>@>5 4<>6=> 4>B=5AB8 4: 4:>=D;8:B=>-4CAB>9G82K<;4 4 4C?@02;5=85,4 4:>B>@>5 4<>65B 4>15A?5G8BL 4:>=D;8:B=>-4CAB>9G82>5 4A>AB>O=85 4A8AB5<K.4 45:>B>@K5 4A?>A>1K 4@07@5H5=8O 4:>=D;8:B=KE 4A8BC0F89 4@0AA<>B@5=K 42 440==>9 4@01>B5.4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

414.4 4"5>@8O 4:>=D;8:B>2

4

4>=D;8:B>;>38O 4µ 4D8;>A>DA:0O 41070,4 4>?@545;ONI0O 4<8@>2>77@5=G5A:89 48 4:0B53>@80;L=K9 40??0@0B,4 4?>4E>4K 4: 40=0;87C 48 4?@8=F8?K 487CG5=8O 4:>=D;8:B=KE 4?@>F5AA>2.4 4

4>=D;8:B 4µ 4A?5F8D8G5A:89 4A?>A>1 42708<>459AB28O 442CE 48 41>;55 4A8AB5< 48;8 48E 4:><?>=5=B>2 52 5E>45 58E 5A>2<5AB=>3> 5DC=:F8>=8@>20=8O;5 5A?>A>1 52708<>459AB28O 5A;>6=KE 5A8AB5<,5 5=0?@02;5==K9 5=0 5A=OB85 5?@>B82>@5G89 58 5>3@0=8G5=89;5 5@0728B85 5A8AB5<,5 5E0@0:B5@87CNI55AO:5

5µ 5A>AB>O=85< 5:064>9 5A8AB5<K,5 58E 5A>G5B0=89 58 5=04A8AB5<K 52 5F5;><;5

5µ 58=B5@5A0<8 5:064>9 5A8AB5<K 58 58E 5A>G5B0=89;5

5µ 5>1I8<8 58=B5@5A0<8 5=04A8AB5<K.5

5"5>@8O 5:>=D;8:B0 5µ 5>?5@0F8>==>5 5?>;5 58 5B5E=>;>38G5A:89 58=AB@C<5=B,5 5@50;87CNI89 5=0 5?@0:B8:5 5:>=D;8:B>;>38G5A:85 58458 58 5:>=F5?F88.5

545O 5B5>@88 5:>=D;8:B0 5A>AB>8B 52 5?>AB@>5=88 5A8AB5<=>9 5<>45;8 5:>=D;8:B0,5 5A2O7K20NI59 5>1J5:BK 58 5D0:B>@K,5 5CG0AB2CNI85 52 5:>=D;8:B5.5 5

51AB@0:B=K9 5:>=D;8:B 5µ 5A8BC0F8O 52708<>459AB28O 5A8AB5< 5157 5:0:8E-5;81> 5>3@0=8G5=89 5=0 5E0@0:B5@ 52708<>459AB28O 58 5@5AC@AK 5A8AB5<.5

5!B@C:BC@0 5:>=D;8:B0 5µ 5=01>@ 52708<>A2O70==KE 5:><?>=5=B,5 5=5>1E>48<KE 54;O 5>ACI5AB2;5=8O 5:>=D;8:B=>3> 52708<>459AB28O 58 5?@8ACI8E 55<C.5

5-B8<8 5:><?>=5=B0<8 5O2;ONBAO:5

5#A;>28O 5(5S5)5 5µ 5=5:>B>@0O 5=04A8AB5<0,5 52 5:>B>@>9 5A>45@60BAO 52A5 5?>A;54CNI85 5:><?>=5=BK 5AB@C:BC@K5A5 52708<>459AB28O 5>ACI5AB2;ONBAO 52 5@0<:0E 5MB>9 5=04A8AB5< 5?> 5>1CA;>2;5==K< 55N.5

5!B>@>=K 5:>=D;8:B0 5(5X5,5Y5)5 5µ 5M;5<5=BK 5=04A8AB5<K,5 52>2;5G5==K5 52 5>B=>H5=85 52708<>459AB28O 5(5@C3 5 5

51J:B0 5(5@50;L=K9)5 5(5O5@50;L=>AB8,5 52>2;5G5==0O 52> 52708<>459AB285 5A 5CG0AB=8:0<8 6:>=D;<5B 6:>=D6 6µ 62>@5GB 6A 6CG0AB=8:>2 6:>=D;8:B0.6

6µ59AB28O 6AB>@>= 6F6 6µ 7<5=5=8O 6CG0AB=8::B0 6A2>8E 6M;5<5=B>2>2 @>=K,6 6>1J5:B0 6:>=D;8:B0 68 6.6

6

6

66

6

6

6

6

6

6

6 8AC=>: 616 6µ 6!BC@K 6 6:>=D;8:B=>3>

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 708<>45D5:B 6:>=D;8:B0 6µ 687<B>O=8O 6A@54K,6 6>1CA;>2D;8<>46 57C;LB0B 6:>=D;8:B0 6µ 6A>AB>O=8<K @H5=8O 6:>=D;8:B=>3> 62708<>459AB28O.6 6

6$C=::B05=5 6:>=D;8:B 68<55B 64;O 62708<8E 6A8AB5<,6 68E 6M;5<5=8AB5<K 62=0<:B0 6µ 6<=>65AB2> 6MB0?>2 6@0728B8O 6:>=D;8:B0 68 6?5@5E>4>2 6<564C 6=8<8,6 6E0@0:B5@87CNI8E 653> 6:0: 6?@>F5AA 62708<>459AB28O 6AB>@>= 6(6AE5<0 6AB@C:BC@K 6:>=D;8:B=>3> 62708<>459AB28O 6?@82545=0 6=0 6@8AC=:5 616)6:6

6­@54:>=D;8:B=0O 6A8BC0F8O 6µ 6ACI5AB2CNB 6CG0AB=8:8,6 6@0A?>;>65==K5 62 6=5:>B>@>9 6A@545,6 6>4=0:> 6F5;8 68E 6=5 6>?@545;5=K,6 60,6 6A;54>20B5;L=>,6 6=5 6>?@545;5=K 6>1J5:B 68 6?@54<5B 6:>=D;8:B0.6

6

60B5=B=0O 6AB048O 6µ 68<55BAO 6=5:>B>@0O 6>1;0ABL 6?5@5A5G5=8O 68=B5@5A>2 6CG0AB=8:>2,6 6E0@0:B5@87CNI0O 6>1J5:B 68 6?@54<5B 6:>=D;8:B0,6 6>4=0:> 6459AB28O 6AB>@>= 6>BACBAB2CNB.6

7:B82=0O 7AB048O 7­7µ 7=0 7MB>< 7MB0?5 78<5NB 7<;5<5=BK 7:>=D;8:B0,7 72:;NG0O 7459AB28O 7AB>@>= 78 7MDD550;870F88.7

7025@H5=85 7:>=D;8:B0 7µ 7AB04@CN 7?5@5E>48B 7:>=D;8:B 7?@8 7=52>7<>6=>AB8 753> 740;L=59H53> 7?@>4>;65=8O.7

7>7<>6=K 7?>A;54>20B5;L=K5 7?5@5E>4K 78 7>1CA;>2;820NI85 78E 7?@>F5AAK 7A 7B>G:8 77@5=8O 7AB@C:BC@K 7:>=D;8:B0:7

7$>@<8@>20=85 7?@>B82>@5G89 7(78=B5@5A>2 7: 7A>459AB28N)7 7C 7AB>@>=.7

70G0;> 7AB>@>=0<8 70:B82=KE 7459AB289 72 78=B5@5A0E 7@50;870F88 7A2>8E 7F5;59.7

7­>O2;5=85 7>4=>9 787 7?@8G8= 77025@H5=8O 7:>=D;8:B0.7

73=>25==K9 7?5@5E>4 7: 70:B82=K< 7459AB28O<.7

7‑1@07>20=85 7=5?5@5A5:0NI8EAO 7F5;59.7

7!>3;0A>20=85 7F5;59 78;8 72>745@60=85 7>B 70:B82=KE 7459AB289.7

7K45;ONB 7A;54CNI85 7?@8G8=K 77025@H5=8O 7:>=D;8:B0:7 7

7µ 7µ>AB865=85 7CG0AB=8:0<8 7:>=D;8:B0 7A2>8E 7F5;59;7

7µ 7#AB@0=5=85 7>1J5:B0 7:>=D;8:B0;7

7µ 7#AB@0=5=85 7>4=>3> 78;8 72A5E 753> 7CG0AB=8:>2;7

7µ 77<5=5=85 7?>>=;7 72 7:>=D;8:B5 7=>2>9 7A1=>L 753>;7

7 7µ 7!5 7F=8:0:08:0F88 7:>=D;8<>459AB2 72A53>,7 7<>3CB 71KBL 7:><?>=5=BK 7AB@C:BC@K 7:>=D;8:BF88> 7?>4E>40 7?@5=88 7:>==> 72K45;8BL 7A;54CN>=D;8:B> 728AB58:B 7(7:>=D;8:B 7F5;59)7 7E0@AO548 7=01>@0 7@5AC@K 7:0: 7A@54AB20 7@50;870F88 74594>A;8 7?@8<5@ 7B08:B0K205<K9=>AB=K9 7:>=D;8:B 85 7@58AB5<>9 7.7 7"0:D;8:>6=> AB> 78=D>@<0F8>=AB5<=K9 7:>=D;>;55 7G0AB> 82AB@88 88 8284 82708< 8#G0AB=8:8 8:>=D;8:B0 8=0E>4OBAO 82 8=5:>B 88 8459AB2CNB28;0< 88 870:>=0<,8 8=0E>4O< 8C@>2=5 8A8@0@E88.8