Учебное пособие 40050

6­@0:B8G5A:0O 6G0ABL 6@01>BK 6?>A2OI05BAO 6>?8A0=8N 6:>=:@5B=>3>,6 62K1@0==>3> 68;8 6?@54;>65==>3> 6ABC45=B0<,6 6?>4E>40 6: 687CG5=8N 6A>>B25BAB2CNI8E 62>?@>A>2 6A 6>1>A=>20=85<,6 6@5H5=8N 67040G.6

6 670:;NG5=88 6?>42>4OBAO 68B>38 6@01>BK,6 645;0NBAO 6>1I85 62K2>4K,6 6C:07K205BAO 68E 67=0G8<>ABL 64;O 602B>@0 6@01>BK,6 62>7<>6=>ABL 62=54@5=8O 78 740;L=59H85 7?5@A?5:B82K 78AA;54>20=8O 7B5<K.7 706=59H55 7B@51>20=85 7: 770:;NG5=8N 7 753> 7:@0B:>ABL 78 7>1AB>OB5;L=>ABL;7 72 7=5< 7=5 7A;54C5B 7?>2B>@OBL 7A>45@60=85 722545=8O 78 7>A=>2=>9 7G0AB8 7@01>BK.7 7­@8;>65=8O 7>D>@<;ONBAO 7=0 7>B45;L=KE 7;8AB0E,7 7?@8G5< 7:064>5 787 7=8E 74>;6=> 78<5BL 7A2>9 7B5<0B8G5A:89 7703>;>2>: 78 72 7?@02>< 725@E=5< 7C3;C 7=04?8AL 7«7­@8;>65=85»7 7A 7C:070=85< 753> 7?>@O4:>2>3> 7=><5@0 7(75A;8 78E 7=5A:>;L:>)7.7

7"@51>20=85 7: 7>D>@<;5=8N 7A?8A:0 78A?>;L7>20==>9 7;8B5@0BC@K 7A<.7 7?@8;>65=85 7.7

7

737.727 75B>48G5A:85 7@5:><5=40F88

7

7C@A>20O 7@01>B0 72:;NG05B:7

717.7 7­>AB0=>2:0 77040G8:7

7-7 7A1>@ 78=D>@<0F88 7> 77040G5;7

7-7 7D>@<C;8@>2:0 7CA;>28O 77040G8;7

7-7 7>?@545;5=85 7:>=5G=KE 7F5;59 7@5H5=8O 77040G8;7

7-7 7>?@545;5=85 7D>@<K 72K40G8 7@57C;LB0B>2;7

7-7 7>?8A0=85 740==KE 7(78E 7B8?>2,7 7480?07>=>2 725;8G8=,7 7AB@C:BC@K 78 7B.7?.7)7.7

7

727.7 7=0;87 78 78AA;54>20=85 77040G8,7 7<>45;8:7

7-7 70=0;87 7ACI5AB2CNI8E 70=0;>3>2;7

7-7 7@07@01>B:0 7<0B5<0B8G5A:>9 7<>45;8;7

737.7=0;87 7@57C;LB0B>2 7@5H5=8O 77040G8.7

7‑A=>2=0O 7F5;L,7 7:>B>@0O 7AB028BAO 7ABC45=BC 7?@8 72K?>;=5=88 7:C@A>2>9 7@01>BK 7-7 7>A2>5=85 72A5E 7MB0?>2 7@5H5=8O 77040G8,7 7=0G8=0O 7>B 70=0;870 7CA;>28O 77040G8 78 770:0=G820O 7A40G59 7>BG5B0,7 72 7B>< 7G8A;5,7 7>2;045=85 7?@85<0<8 78 7<5B>40<8 7@5H5=8O 7B8?>2KE 72KG8A;8B5;L=KE 77040G.7

7­@8 787CG5=88 748AF8?;8=K 7«7#?@02;5=85 740==K<8»7 7ABC45=BK 7?>7=0:><OBAO 7A 7@07;8G=K<8 7?@8<5@0<8 7C?@02;5=8O 740==K<8:7 7!#µ,7 7@07@01>B:>9 7?@8;>65=89 7C?@02;5=8O 71070<8 740==KE,7 7<>45;O<8 740==KE 78 770I8B>9 740==KE.7 7­>;CG0B 7?@0:B8G5A:85 7=02K:8 7?@>3@0<<8@>20=8O 7?@8;>65=89 7107 740==KE.7 7­@8 7MB>< 7?>7=0:><8BAO 7A 7?5@5<5I5=8O<8 78 7?@5>1@07>20=8O<8 740==KE 7?@8;>65=89.7 7­@8>1@5BCB 7?5@2>=0G0;L=K5 77=0=8O 7A>740=8O 7?@8;>65=89 7107 740==KE.7 7­>7=0:><OBAO 7A 78AB>@859 7@0728B8O 7A8AB5< 7C?@02;5=8O 740==K<8.7 70CG0BAO 7=0 7?@0:B8:5 7@01>B0BL 7A 7!#µ 78 7<>45;O<8 740==KE.7

7

7­>43>B>2:0 77040G8

7

7 5H5=85 77040G 7B@51C5B 7?>43>B>2:8,7 7?@54CA<0B@820NI59 7?>A;54>20B5;L=>5 72K?>;=5=85 7A;54CNI8E 7MB0?>2:7

7-7 7?>AB0=>2:0 77040G8;7

7-7 7D>@<8@>20=85 7<0B5<0B8G5A:>9 7<>45;8 77040G8;7

7-7 72K1>@ 7G8A;5==>3> 7<5B>40 7@5H5=8O;7

7-7 7@07@01>B:0 70;3>@8B<0 7@5H5=8O.7

7­>AB0=>2:0 77040G8 7-7 7MB0? 7A;>25A=>9 7D>@<C;8@>2:8,7 7>?@545;ONI89 7F5;L 7@5H5=8O,7 78AE>4=K5 740==K5,7 7>A=>2=K5 770:>=><5@=>AB8,7 7CA;>28O 78 7>3@0=8G5=8O 7?@8<5=5=8O 7MB8E 770:>=><5@=>AB59.7

7­>AB0=>2:0 77040G8 74>;6=0 7>B25G0BL 7A;54CNI8< 7B@51>20=8O<:7

8-8 8G5B:0O 8D>@<C;8@>2:0 8F5;8 8A 8C:070=85< 82840 88 8E0@0:B5@8AB8: 8:>=5G=KE 8@57C;LB0B>2;8

8-8 8>?@545;5=85 82A5E 82>7<>6=KE 820@80=B>2 8@5H5=8O,8 8CA;>289 82K1>@0 8:064>3>;8

8-8 8>1>7=0G5=8O 83@0=8FK 8?@8<5=8<>AB8 88 8459AB28O 82 8A;CG05 82KE>40 870 8=8E.8

8

8$>@<8@>20=85 8<0B5<0B8G5A:>9 8<>45;8 87040G8 8-8 8MB0? 8?5@52>40 8A;>25A=>9 8?>AB0=>2:8 87040G8 82 8A>2>:C?=>ABL 8<0B5<0B8G5A:8E 87028A8<>AB59,8 8>?8AK20NI8E 88AE>4=K5 840==K5 88 82KG8A;5=8O 8?@><56CB>G=KE 88 8:>=5G=KE 8@57C;LB0B>2.8

8­>;CG5==0O 8<0B5<0B8G5A:0O 8<>45;L 84>;6=0 8>B25G0BL 8A;54CNI8< 8B@51>20=8O<:8 8

8-8 82=0G0;5 8A>AB02;O5BAO 8?>AB0=>2:0 87040G8,8 870B5< 8-8 8@0AG5B=K5 87028A8<>AB8;8

8-8 8>1>7=0G5=85 82A5E 82E>4OI8E 82 87028A8<>AB8 825;8G8= 88<5=0<8,8 8>?@545;ONI8<8 88E 8ACBL;8

8-8 8?@54AB02;5=85 8<0B5<0B8G5A:8E 87028A8<>AB59 82 8>1I5< 82845 84;O 8?>2KH5=8O 8C=825@A0;L=>AB8 8@5H5=8O.8

8

8

8 07@01>B:0 80;3>@8B<0 8@5H5=8O 8-8 8MB0? 8@07@01>B:8 8A>2>:C?=>AB8 8?@54?8A0=89,8 8>4=>7=0G=> 8>?@545;ONI8E 8?>A;54>20B5;L=>ABL 8?@5>1@07>20=8O 88AE>4=KE 840==KE 82 8:>=5G=K5 8@57C;LB0BK.8

8;3>@8B< 84>;65= 8C4>2;5B2>@OBL 8A2>9AB20<:8

8-8 8<0AA>2>AB8 8-8 82>7<>6=>ABL 88E 8?@8<5=5=8O 84;O 8@5H5=8O 8F5;>3> 8:;0AA0 8:>=:@5B=KE 87040G,8 8>B25G0NI8E 8>1I59 8?>AB0=>2:8 87040G8;8

8-8 8:>=5G=>AB8 8-8 87025@H5=85 8@01>BK 80;3>@8B<0 82 8F5;>< 870 8:>=5G=>5 8G8A;> 8H03>2;8

8-8 8@57C;LB0B82=>AB8 8-8 8ACI5AB2>20=85 8@57C;LB0B0 82K?>;=5=8O 80;3>@8B<0.8 8

8µ;O 83@0D8G5A:>3> 8?@54AB02;5=8O 80;3>@8B<0 88A?>;L7CNB 8>?@545;5==K5 835><5B@8G5A:85 8D83C@K.8 8 07<5@K 88 8A>>B=>H5=8O 8@07<5@>2 8D83C@ 8?@82>4OBAO 82 8‑!" 81898 080828 8808 88 8‑!" 81898 080838 8808.8 8!>3;0A=> 88< 82A5 8@07<5@K 8A2O70=K 8A 842C<O 825;8G8=0<8:8 8a8 88 8b8,8 8345 8a8 8 825;8G8=0,8 8:@0B=0O 858,8 80 8b8 82KG8A;O5BAO 8?> 8D>@<C;5 8b8=818,858a8,8 84>?CA:05BAO 8b8=828a8.8

8

8

848 8040=8O 8=0 8:C@A>2CN 8@01>BC

8

80@80=B 8:C@A>2>9 8@01>BK 8?>418@05BAO 88=48284C0;L=> 8?@5?>4020B5;5< 84;O 8:064>3> 8ABC45=B0.8 80 8CA<>B@5=85 8?@5?>4020B5;O 87040=8O 8<>3CB 81KBL 887<5=5=K.8 80@80=BK 8B5< 8:C@A>2KE 8@01>B 8?@82545=K 82 8?@8;>65=88 8µ.8