Учебное пособие 85

9.One wall of the art center … with an adjacent building, another wall with a nearby football gridiron, and a third with the flight path of planes that regularly pass overhead.

a) aligned b) is aligned c) aligns

10.After a brief flurry of interest in the late 1980s, interest in deconstruction faded, and only a handful of buildings … to represent it.

a) are ever constructed b) have ever constructed c) were ever constructed

V.Give the Russian equivalents and make sentences of your own, using these phrases:

a coloured land-use map

semi-private interaction centres

delicate stucco arabesque-covered walls and ceilings

the central south-facing front block

trans-Atlantic architectural interchange

the newer peripherally located industrial districts

an arch-supported saddle-shaped roof

the Beaux-Arts esquisse technique

VI. Read the text again and tell about the outstanding works of the Postmodernism.

UNIT 5

High-Tech architecture.

Grammar Test.

Read the text and tell about a tentative definition of High-Tech.

HIGH-TECH ARCHITECTURE

It’s been almost 30 years since the architectural and decorative style known as ‘High-Tech’ hit the American scene. It was arising during the mid-1970s, and legitimized by Joan Kron and Suzanne Slesin’s eponymous book of 1978.

High-Tech in architecture means something different from High-Tech in industry. In industry, it means electronics, computers, silicon chips, robots, and the like; in architecture it now means a particular style of building. It is worth to

21

mentioning that in the USA the term High-Tech does refer mainly to a style, but in Britain it means something much more rigorous…

For now we can say that its characteristic materials are metal and glass, that it purports to adhere to a strict code of honesty of expression, that it usually embodies ideas about industrial production, that it uses industries other than building industry as sources both of technology and imagery, and that it puts a high priority on flexibility of use.

Among High-Tech’s most celebrated paradigms was Paris’s Pompidou Center, completed by the architects Richard Rodgers and Renzo Piano in 1976. The Pompidou was essentially a building turned inside-out. Colour-keyed networks of piping, ducting, escalators, and other service systems were carried in a scaffold-like framework surrounding the building, essentially becoming the decorative elements.

The idea that structure was innately beautiful had been a longtime modernist tenet, but the Pompidou took this thinking a good bit further, showcasing technical features that had previously been considered ugly.

Controversial as it was, the Pompidou spurred an entire generation of avantgarde architects and designers to feature utilitarian materials such as industrial lighting fixtures, subway gratings, galvanized and perforated metal, commercial rubber flooring, and non-skid steel plate in residential and commercial design. This new functional aesthetic, theoretically unfettered by the ideas of domestic fashion, soon acquired the only marginally accurate appellation High-Tech.

More portentously, High-Tech also afforded architects and designers a perfect opportunity to use prefabricated structures, commercial curtain wall systems, and similar modular parts in residential work, a breakthrough that had long eluded the housing industry.

It could, alternatively, be defined in purely personal and historical terms as the label we apply to almost any building designed in the last twenty years by Richard Rogers, Norman Foster, Nicholas Grimshaw, or Michael Hopkins. There are other exponents of High-Tech, and not all of them are British, but these are leaders of the movement.

Of course, High-Tech architecture is still very much with us, too – though in a slightly less edgy form – as the standard interior style of countless coffee bars and 20-something clothing boutiques. It’s also the de rigueur interior style for those pricey new loft developments that copy genuine industrial live-work spaces. Perhaps it’s appropriate that the faux-factory style has come home to the faux-factory.

Vocabulary

to adhere - придерживаться чего-либо

ducting – система каналов; система труб; трубопровод fixture – приспособление, прибор

galvanized – оцинкованный, гальванизированный

22

grating – обрешетка, каркас

loft – верхний этаж, помещения на верхних этажах торгового помещения или склада

non-skid – нескользящий

perforated – перфорированный, просверленный priority – первенство, преимущество, приоритет to purport - значить, обозначать, подразумевать rubber – резина; каучук

scaffold – леса, подмостки

to showcase – демонстрировать, показывать tenet – догмат, доктрина, принцип unabashedly – храбро

unfettered – освобожденный (от)

I. Answer the following questions:

1.When was High-Tech architecture arising?

2.What are its characteristic materials?

3.Who are the leaders of the movement?

II.Choose the right adjective:

1.It’s been almost 30 years since the architectural and … style known as ‘High-Tech’ hit the American scene.

a) applied b) decorative

c) architectural

2.In the USA the term High-Tech does refer mainly to a style, but in Britain it means something much more … .

a) rigorous

b) complicated c) simple

3.The idea that structure was innately … had been a longtime modernist tenet. a) rude

b) perfect c) beautiful

4.The Pompidou showcased … features that had previously been considered ugly. a) structural

b) industrial c) technical

23

5. High-Tech also afforded architects and designers a perfect opportunity to use … structures, commercial curtain wall systems, and similar modular parts in residential work.

a)prefabricated

b)artificial

c)natural

IV. Give the Russian equivalents:

silicon chips

a particular style of building

to put a high priority on flexibility of use

a building turned inside-out

colour-keyed networks of piping

a longtime modernist tenet

generation of avant-garde architects and designers

industrial lighting fixtures

subway gratings

commercial rubber flooring

non-skid steel plate

to elude the housing industry

interior style of countless coffee bars

the faux-factory style

V. Choose a partner and make up a dialogue using the following expressions from the text.

High-Tech in architecture, its characteristic materials, Paris’s Pompidou Center, generation of avant-garde architects, to use prefabricated structures, it could be defined, building designed by, leaders of the movement, interior style.

VI. Grammar Test. Put the verb into the correct form (present simple, present continuous, present perfect, past perfect, past simple active or passive):

1.By the 1920s the most important figures in modern architecture … (to establish) their reputations.

2.Russian artist Vladimir Meller … (to award) a gold medal for his scenic design.

3.Shanghai had a distinct Art Deco style. Today, some Shanghainese … (to attempt) to save that architecture.

4.Designed by the truly ‘international’ team of architects, George Howe and William Lescaze, the PSFS Building … (to become) an integral element of the Philadelphia skyline.

24

5.Dwelling house design during the 1930s in the UK … also very much (to influence) by Art Deco.

6.Many Modernists disliked the term ‘International style’, believing that they … (to arrive) at an approach to architecture that transcended ‘style’, along with any national or regional or continental identity.

7.Before destruction in World War II, Manila demonstrated many Art Deco buildings; a symbol of the American colonial past. Theatres and Office Buildings … (to lose) in the war and recently demolished and abandoned for new development.

8.It … widely (to consider) to be an eclectic form of elegant and stylish modernism, being influenced by a variety of sources.

9.High Tech President Villamagna … (to locate) in the main business centre of Madrid, next to Paseo de la Castellana, the main central avenue of the city and main business area of the country.

10.Now computer architecture rendering … (to become) more and more costeffective, more user-friendly.

11.However, due to the double-glazing transformations during the last thirty years or so in the UK, many of the original Art Deco window features … (to lose) and … (to replace) by much more undefined styles.

12.Today high tech or its separate elements … (to find) everywhere and include ultra-modern edifices made of glass and concrete with rivets, metal details, fixtures, bridges and pipes.

13.The British architectural historian Sir Nikolaus Pevsner commented, ‘to me what .... (to achieve) in 1914 was the style of the century’.

14.In 1930s Art Deco … (to see) as elegant, functional, and ultra modern.

15.In Long Beach, California, much of the recent city development … (to present) in an Art Deco-like, postmodern style.

16.Similarly in Santa Ana, California, new development … (to look) to replicate and complement the historical Art Deco structures already there.

17.The term Art Deco … (to derive) from the Exposition of 1925, though it was not until the late 1960s that this term …. (to coin) by art historian Bevis Hillier, and popularized by his 1968 book Art Deco of the 20s and 30s.

18.Doors … (to make) of bent aluminium sheet.

19.Art Deco ... (to employ) extensively throughout America's train stations in the 1930s.

20.Although Art Deco fell out of vogue in the 1940s, it ... (to have) small rebirths over subsequent decades.

25

Bibliography

1.Crouch, Christopher. Modernism in Art Design and Architecture / Christopher C. // New York : St. Martins Press. – 2000.

2.http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia

3.http://en.wikipedia

4.Mark Jarzombek. Joseph August Lux : Werkbund Promoter, Historian of a Lost Modernity / Mark Jarzombek // Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians – 63/1/ – June, 2004. – P. 202–219.

5.Безручко, Е.Н. Английский для архитекторов: пособие по англ. языку для студ. арх. и строит. спец. вузов / Е.Н. Безручко. – М. : ИКЦ «МарТ», Ростов н/д : Издательский центр «МарТ», 2004. – 192 с.

6.Беляев, Н.Н. Вступая в мир зодчества: пособие по англ. языку / Н.Н. Беляев. – М. : Высшая школа, 1991. – 125 с.

The architecture of the 20th century

Методическая разработка по английскому языку

для студентов 2-го курса, обучающихся по направлению 270300 «Архитектура»

Составитель: к.ф.н., ст. преп. Пантелеева Олеся Олеговна

Подписано в печать 07.07.2009. Формат 60×84 1/16. Уч.-изд. л. 1,6.

Усл.-печ. л. 1,7. Бумага писчая. Тираж 100 экз. Заказ №

_______________________________________________________________

Отпечатано: отдел оперативной полиграфии Воронежского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета

394006 Воронеж, ул. 20-летия Октября, 84

26