Miller, Ed. Smallll Stakes No-Limit Holdem

106 SMALL STAKES NO-LIMIT HOLD’EM

hands but will sometimes call with worse hands. (The same caveats apply.) Even though you are not committed, you can still extract value.

Eking Out Value On The River

You open for $7 in the hijack with A♥Q♥, and only the big blind calls. He is a predictable regular who sometimes errs on the loose and passive side. His stats are 26/12.

The flop comes K♥8♣5♣. The big blind checks, and you c-bet $11 into the $15 pot. He calls.

The turn is the A♣. Since your opponent is predictable, you decide to bet for value against worse hands, such as a pair with a club, but plan to fold if checkraised. You bet $25 into the $37 pot. He calls.

The river is a 2♥. Your opponent checks. Do you typically check here? If so, you are losing value. Your opponent has shown weakness and knows it. If you bet another $25, he will often look you up with anything that has showdown value. These small river value bets have a tremendous effect on your bottom line. Eke out value wherever you can.

A7s From The Cutoff

You remain in a 6-handed $1–$2 game with $200 effective stacks. The first two players fold. You have A♠7♠ in the cutoff. The 28/24 button is a tough player, and both blinds are weak. You raise to $7. The button calls, and the blinds fold. The flop comes A♥9♣5♠. How should you proceed?

With top pair/weak kicker and an SPR of 11 on an uncoordinated flop against a good player, you are not committed. So, usually your goal is to keep the pot small.* Many players understand this but apply pot control in a suboptimal way. Namely, they bet the flop and check

* Sometimes you might risk creating a big pot in order to force a better hand to fold.

the turn. Betting the flop can backfire. This opponent is capable of raising with a wide range of hands, including complete air. If he does raise your flop bet, you won’t know where you stand.

You should check the flop fairly often. You keep the pot smaller right from the get-go and deny your opponent stack leverage. You encourage him to bluff, but don’t allow him to threaten you with a commitment decision. Weaker hands that check behind are drawing slim, so a free card seldom benefits your opponent. And those same weaker hands may call a value bet on the turn or river because you checked the flop.

If you check the flop and he bets say, $12, you should at least call. How you proceed on the turn and river depends on which cards come and your opponent’s particular level of aggression. If he’s not super aggressive, you might consider checkfolding the turn. If he’s aggressive but won’t often three-barrel bluff, you might consider checkcalling the turn but checkfolding to a big river bet. If he’s hyperaggressive, you might occasionally consider checkcalling him all the way down, but that line should be used only if you read the opponent well.

You can also consider checkraising the flop. A checkraise essentially turns your hand into a bluff because you will almost never get called by a worse hand. But it has a few benefits:

You make it hard for your opponent to bluff again.

The rest of the hand becomes trivial to play, because unless you improve you’re essentially done with the hand, save for maybe calling a small bet.

You penalize him for betting the flop when you check, which helps you defend those times you check with weak draws and weak made hands.

Also, if your opponent will rarely fire more than one barrel, denying him a free card has more value. The downside of checkraising is that you discourage him from bluffing again with worse hands, and you lose more money against better hands. You also

108 SMALL STAKES NO-LIMIT HOLD’EM

leave yourself vulnerable to a rebluff or a delayed bluff if your opponent is tricky and aggressive enough to try those plays.

One last thing to consider is folding preflop. While you would have ideally liked to raise and play the hand heads up with position against one of the weak blinds, you sometimes need to adjust your opening strategy when a tough player is directly to your left. If he is very aggressive and will often play back at your preflop raises from a steal position, consider tightening up a little. You might also change seats.

The Freeze Play

Effective stacks are $250. A decent 23/19 player opens for $7 in the hijack seat. The cutoff folds, and you have A♦Q♦ on the button. Both blinds are tight, unimaginative players. The hijack’s opening range is fairly wide. You might call or reraise in this spot, but this time you call. Calling keeps him in the pot with some dominated hands that might fold to a reraise.

The blinds fold, and you are heads-up in a $17 pot. The flop comes A♠K♥9♣. Your opponent bets $12, and you call. You decide not to raise for a couple reasons, the biggest being you don’t want to shut him out if he has an ace with a weak kicker. You also will, on average, tend to profit most in this hand if the final pot is mediumsized. You don’t have quite enough hand to want to get all-in against this opponent.

The turn is the 8♠. Your opponent bets $26 into the $41 pot. This opponent would bet the turn with a fairly wide range. He could have a stronger made hand like two pair or a set, a weaker made hand like an ace with a lower kicker, or a drawing hand like J♠T♠. What should you do?

A good option is to freeze the action by minraising to $52. The small raise has several benefits. It gets value out of worse hands. Your opponent may get confused, but will often call with hands like acejack or ace-ten simply because the raise is small. That ensures some value if the river is a scare card.

The raise makes drawing hands pay. While it doesn’t price certain draws out, it at least charges them something. It also often reveals the opponent’s draw, which helps you make a good decision on the river. For example, say he calls your minraise, and then on a 7♠ river he goes all-in. You have an easy fold against most $1–$2 players.

Another benefit to the small raise is it lets you get away cheaply when your opponent has a strong hand. If you minraise on the turn and then he reraises big, you are almost always way behind, and often drawing dead. Whereas if you call the turn and then your opponent makes a large bet on a blank river, you end up losing more money to his strong hands.

Small turn raises work best when you have a decent made hand with little chance of improving and are not sure if you are behind a strong hand, ahead against a weaker made hand, or up against a draw. With a decent made hand with several outs, like top pair and a big flush draw, you should call more often. This is because you don’t want to get blown off your draw if your opponent reraises with a strong hand.

Turn minraises also work much better in position. You might occasionally use it out of position, but the showdown benefits won’t be as great. When you minraise in position in $1–$2, your opponent will usually reraise the turn with strong hands, and call with draws and modest hands. If he flat calls, he will usually check the river. Much of the value in the play lies in having your opponent check to you on the river. If you instead minraise out of position, your opponent gets the final betting decision knowing you checked the river and are probably weaker than your turn raise suggested. An out- of-position turn raise may freeze him into checking behind on the river anyway, but it’s riskier. For example, say you are out of position and check-minraise the turn, and he calls. If the river is a blank and you check, he might launch a big bluff with a busted draw. Or he might value bet a better hand since you checked.

You might not want to use this play against players who are predictable on the river. For example, if your opponent will rarely call a raise on the turn or bet the river with a worse hand, you are better off flat calling the turn and then folding to a river bet.

110 SMALL STAKES NO-LIMIT HOLD’EM

Don’t use this play against players who might reraise your freeze with a worse hand. For example, if a smart, tricky player figures out what you’re up to, he may go all-in over your turn raise with a big draw, hoping you’ll fold. Also, if your opponent is so aggressive that he will often bet the river with his busted draws, you are better off calling the turn and then calling a bet on the river.

Finally, the freeze play doesn’t have to be a minraise. The point is just to make a turn raise that freezes up worse hands and doesn’t pot commit you against better ones. Whatever raise size accomplishes that is fine.

Here’s another example.

Effective stacks are $400. You open for $7 in the cutoff with Q♥Q♠. Only the big blind calls.

The flop comes J♣T♣6♥. Your opponent leads for $10 into the $15 pot. You call.

The turn is the 2♠. Your opponent bets $25 into the $35 pot. You make it $60, and your opponent calls.

The river is the 8♣. Your opponent checks. Freeze accomplished, you check behind. What do you expect him to have?

Sometimes he shows a jack or weaker pair and you win. Sometimes he shows a flush. Only rarely will he show a strong nonflush hand. Overall, on average you profit from the small turn raise. If he blows you off the turn by reraising big, so be it. The vast majority of the time he does that he’ll be ahead, so you can safely fold. And you didn’t have enough outs to worry about drawing.

If he instead would push the turn with draws or other weaker hands, the small turn raise loses value.

An Uncommon Line With Top Pair

Mixing up your play is critical. You should play similar hands in different ways sometimes, and you should play different hands in the same way sometimes. Following this simple principle will make it much more difficult for opponents to read your hands.

Often you should play a hand in a non-standard way even if you think the normal way might, for just this hand, be more profitable. Poker is always played in context, and in no-limit the context takes on an enormous role. You want opponents to misread your hands and generally be confused by your play. Confusion ultimately causes your opponents to make big mistakes against you. If you can sow a little confusion in exchange for a few theoretical cents in equity, go right ahead.

This hand occurred in a $1–$2 6-max game. The effective stacks are $230. The cutoff opens 7♥6♥ for $7, and only the aggressive big blind calls.

The flop comes 6♦3♣2♠, overall a good flop for the hand. The big blind checks, and instead of making the standard play of betting about $11, the cutoff checks.

The turn is the T♠, putting a flush draw on board. The big blind bets $5, and the cutoff raises to $15.

The big blind thinks briefly, types, “Nice aces,” and folds.

From the big blind’s perspective, this betting pattern is consistent with pocket aces. Since the flop is small and ragged, a player with pocket aces hoping for action might be unconcerned about giving a free card and check behind. Nevertheless, the pocket aces read was obviously bad. You want your opponents to make bad reads like this one. Perhaps it didn’t help the cutoff on this particular hand, but if you play overall in a way that’s difficult to decode, eventually your opponent will trip himself up.

Going back to the hand, sometimes checking behind on the flop has two tactical advantages over the standard bet. First, the big blind is aggressive, so checking behind controls the pot and makes it more likely that the pair will reach showdown. Second, checking behind may induce a bluff. The obvious downside to checking is that a free card could beat you. It’s a tradeoff.

The turn raise in this hand is designed to do three things:

1.It freezes the betting and helps get the pair to showdown. If the big blind puts in more action after this raise, the cutoff can put him on a stronger range and fold. If the big blind folds or

112 SMALL STAKES NO-LIMIT HOLD’EM

calls and checks the river, then the cutoff can show the hand down.

2.It punishes the big blind if he’s semibluffing a flush draw or gutshot.

3.It might induce a slightly better hand to fold. For instance, if the big blind has 9♣6♣, he may lay it down to the raise.

You shouldn’t play a weak top pair like this every time, but it has some advantages over a flop bet. It works particularly well against aggressive foes. Try it out.

An Overpair Value Bet

Effective stacks are $140. Our Hero opens the pot for $7 from the second seat with K♥K♠. Both blinds call, so it’s three players to the flop and there’s $21 in the pot.

The flop comes 8♣8♠3♥, giving Hero an overpair with position on a dry, drawless board. The 25/9 small blind bets $12, a little over half the pot. The big blind folds. Hero calls.

The turn is the 8♥, and the small blind bets $20, which is now less than half of the $45 pot. Hero calls again.

The river is the Q♥. The small blind checks, and Hero bets the pot, $85. The small blind thinks and then calls, showing 6♦6♠. Pocket kings are good.

When you have an overpair on a paired dry flop with no straight or flush draws, you are in a classic way ahead or way behind situation. Either your opponent has trips or a full house and you are drawing to two outs, or you have him crushed and he’s drawing to six outs or less.

In way ahead or way behind situations, you should often dial your aggression way down and make small bets or allow your opponent to control the betting. If you are way behind, then you’ll be happy you didn’t put in extra action. And if you are way ahead, then you don’t want to give your opponent an easy fold.

For instance, if Hero had instead made a nice-sized raise on the flop, perhaps to $48, many players would immediately fold their sixes, assuming that only a bigger pocket pair or trips would make that raise. By flat calling the flop, Hero kept his range wide in his opponent’s mind. The small blind can hope that his opponent had two big unpaired cards.

Furthermore, since if Hero is ahead, he is way ahead, his opponent will seldom draw out on him. There is no urgency to get the money in. There are two more betting rounds, and Hero has position so he always has an option to bet.

After the turn, Hero’s way ahead or way behind status is cemented, and he’s a big favorite to be way ahead. The 8♥ is a good card for pocket kings in two ways:

In the unlikely event the small blind has pocket threes, the kings have now drawn out.

The appearance of a third eight makes it less likely that the small blind holds one.

Hero flat calls the weak turn bet for the same reasons he called the flop. He has another round to get value for his hand, and he wants to keep his range as wide as possible in his opponent’s mind. Don’t give your opponents a cheap signal to fold weaker hands if you can avoid it.

After the small blind checks the river Q♥, it’s time for Hero to spring to life. Given the two weak leads on the flop and turn, there’s a good chance the small blind has a smaller pocket pair. Hero should bet an amount that is reasonably likely to get called by smaller pairs. Against very loose players, that could be an all-in push. Against tight players, a half-pot bet might be better.

Some players are less willing to call value bets, especially with a marginal hand like a pocket pair smaller than top pair, if the call will bust them. Sometimes leaving your opponent a little bit left after the call will increase your chances of getting the call.

The river value bet is the key decision in the hand. Checking these kings down would be terrible against most opponents. You are a big favorite to be ahead on the river, and weaker hands will often call, so don’t be shy about betting for value.

114 SMALL STAKES NO-LIMIT HOLD’EM

Lessons for this hand:

When you’re way ahead or way behind, consider allowing your opponent to push the betting.

The turn card making trips added value to the big overpair by increasing the chance it was ahead.

Even though it’s not a lock, a bold river value bet in this situation offers the highest long-term expectation.

A Top Pair Value Bet

You’re playing a $1–$2 game with $200 stacks. You open on the button with K♥9♥, making it $6 to go. Only the big blind, a somewhat passive, unremarkable 24/14 player, calls. You think the table views you as a bit aggressive.

The flop comes K♦8♠4♣, giving you top pair on a ragged board. Your opponent checks, you bet $11, and he calls. The turn is the 3♥. Your opponent checks, and you check. The river is the 6♥. Your opponent again checks.

You should bet for value. Consider your opponent’s range. Preflop, you opened on the button and he called out of the blind. His range is fairly wide calling from the big blind against a possible button steal.

On the flop your opponent checked, and you made a continuation bet. His call is somewhat more telling. The board is dry, so it’s likely he has a made hand of some sort and not a draw. He probably knows you c-bet with made hands and air, so he might call with weak hands like an eight, a four, a small pocket pair, or even ace-high. Other possibilities are a king or better, though he may have checkraised with a strong hand.

On the turn a blank comes, and you check behind. Since the board is still relatively draw-free, if you’re ahead, your opponent likely has at most five outs, so checking will rarely cost you the pot. This check keeps the pot small and gets your opponent to the river with his entire weak flop-calling range. Many of the hands in his flop-calling range

are strong enough for him to call a modest river bet, but too weak to call a turn bet with the looming threat of another bet on the river.

After your opponent checks a blank river, you have the all-clear to bet for value. You have top pair with a decent kicker, and your opponent still has the wide range of hands he’d call with on the flop. Further, you can discount the stronger hands in that range due to his turn and river checks. If, for instance, he had flopped a set or top two, he may have checkcalled the flop and checked the turn. But after your turn check, most players would bet the river at least some of the time. His river check suggests that he has a weak made hand. Your hand is a favorite against his river bet calling range.

How much should you bet? The pot is $35. If you bet the pot, you’ll find your opponent folding many hands you’d like him to call with. Try a bet of around half the pot, perhaps $20. You lose less those odd times you find yourself beaten, and you’ll encourage a wider range of hands you beat to call.

Against a loose player, you might consider a different line. Instead of checking the turn, try betting around $20 and following up with a $20 to $40 bet on the river. To play for three bets, you would want him to be loose enough to call down with hands like K♣5♣, 9♠9♦, and A♦8♣.

Out of Position On The River

When you’re playing a big pot out of position, river scare cards can pose a major problem. They tempt you to check, but before you do, stop and consider your options. Sometimes you should bet anyway.

For instance, say your opponent has the smaller stack at $125. You open for $7 from two off the button with A♥A♦. Only the button calls. The flop comes T♥6♥6♣. You bet $15 and the button calls. The pot is now $47. The turn is the 9♣. You bet $40, and your opponent calls. Now the pot is $127. The river is the 8♦, making the final board T♥6♥6♣9♣8♦. Your opponent has $63 remaining, just over half the pot.