Супутникова геодезія НП
.pdf6..
.
7..
8..
RINEX- . ,
, ,
,
.
,
.
.
, .
–
.
.
:
;
,
;
.
.
,
.
" .
:
1..
, .
2., . ,
, .
3., .
,
. , ,
. , , ,
, , .
121
( ) ,
.
GPS, .
,
.
5.,
. ,
. , ,
.
. ( ),
.
.
7.,
. ,
, .
8.:
;
;
;
;
,
;
( );
" " ;
( );
, ;
( RINEX- )
.
1.GPS-
?
2.GPS- ?
3.RINEX- ?
4.R NEX- ?
122
5.« ».
6.?
7.GPS- ?
8.GPS- ?
123
–
,
.
(GPS, ) – ,
.
.
. GPS 12,5 ,
– 2,5 .
(Am Spoof ng) –
GPS, .
(mult plex ty) – ,
,
, .
(mult patl ) - ,
,
,
. , ,
, ,
(base l ne) –
,
.
.
(base stat on) – ,
,
.
(block) – GPS ,
. , , , ,
R.
– GPS, 11
, 63".
– GPS ,
SA AS.
– GPS ,
55°. 15 .
F – , 2005 .
124
R – , 1996 .
.
.
" – " (s gnal to no se rad o, SNR) -
, .
(relat vepos on ng) –
.
.
(mapp ng funct on) –
.
.
(blunders) – , ,
.
(V rtual Reference Stat on) – ( )
,
.
" (hot start) - , ,
,
. , ,
.
(dual-frequency rece ver) – ,
, GPS
.
(D fferent al GPS, DGPS) –
, GPS.
.
.
(d fferent al nav gat on) –
.
(ava lab ty) –
,
PDOP,
.
(rece ver al zat on) –
,
125
. (on-the-ground) (on-the- fly).
( onosphere) – ,
( ),
.
,
.
50 .
.
.
( onospher c delay) –
,
.
, .
.
Y (Y-code) – GPS. Y-
. Y- – .
(P-code) – (prec se) (protected) GPS,
PPS L L2.
GPS 10.23 , 267 .
GPS
.
( /A-code) – GPS,
L . 1.023
. .
|
(encod ng) – |
|
. |
||
(control segment) – |
||
, |
|
|
|
( |
, , |
).
.
(space segment) – ,
.
,
.
126
( ) (cut-off elevat on, elevat on mask) – , ( ),
, .
PDOP (GDOP) (PDOP Mask, GDOP Mask) –
PDOP (GDOP),
.
(reference factor) –
.
(Event mark) – , ,
, . ,
, .
,
.
(m ss on) – GPS- ,
.
. (mathemat cal model) – ,
.
.
.
(stochast c model) –
.
.
(nav gat on f eld) –
.
(nav gat on data) – ,
. ,
.
(nav gat on) – 1)
,
;
2) , ,
; 3) ,
. GPS , ,
.
( ) ( nteger amb gu ty) –
, ,
.
».
127
(carr er) – , ,
, .
(carr er frequency) –
. GPS : L1 = 1.57542 , L2= 1.22760 .
(s ngle d fference) – ,
, ,
, .
(s ngle-frequency rece ver) – ,
,
( , L1).
(unmodeled errors) –
, ( ,
).
(pos on ng) – 1) ; 2)
, , ,
.
(dynam cpos on ng) –
, .
GPS .
. .
(k nemat c pos on ng) –
, ,
.
.
(rap d stat c pos on ng, fast stat c pos on ng) – ,
,
, .
" - " (stop-and-go) –
,
. " – "
.
(pseudo-k nemat c pos on ng) –
, .
,
, . ,
.
128
, (reoccupat on pos on ng) –
,
. , ,
.
(stat c pos on ng) –
. . ,
, :
.
(pos on solut on) –
, , .
(constellat on value) –
, PDOP, ,
, 56. GPS.
, .
/GPS (GLONASS GPS-rece ver) –
,
.
(mult plexed rece ver) – ,
.
(codeless rece ver) – ,
.
(correlat on-type rece ver) – ,
, , .
(mult -channel rece ver) – ,
,
. |
|
(Basel ne processor) – |
|
, . |
|
. eng ne.
((code) pseudorange) –
( ) (
), .
.
129
((phase) smoothed pseudorange) –
, ( )
, ) .
, (pseudorandom code, pseudorandom no se) – ,
( ).
,
. ,
. : , , .
(pseudo satell te) – ,
, .
(broadcast ephemer s) – ,
( ). , ,
, , .
(rover) – , .
(sess on) – ,
, , , (
).
.
(user segment) – ,
( /GPS- ).
GPS (GPS constellat on) – GPS,
.
(satell te geometry)–
.
, ( )
PDOP, " ( )
".
" (warm start) –
, ( )
,
.
, " ",
, ,
.
(troposphere) – ,
8 17
. .
130