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roots of Belgorod dramatic art are going much deeper - to the cultural layers, the pure springs of the 19th century. The very name of Mikhail Semyonovich Shchepkin is always perceived not as an addition to the title but as a blessing of Destiny.

The Belgorod Drama is continually following the artistic commandments and traditions of Russian psychological theatre. At the times of the World War II the theatre went through the battlefront areas, through Samarkand, Tashkent, Kyzyl-Orda but, according to the Arts

Department of the Council of People’s Comissars of the RSFSR, it «preserved itself as an artistic group, saved its evacuated values, was working continuously without state subsidies». In April

1944 the theatre opened a new season in a building destroyed by the War.

The turning point in the history of the region and the theatre was 1954. That year the Belgorod Region was formed and the theatre got the regional status. In a two years time it also got a name of a famous Russian actor, a Belgorodian, Mikhail Shchepkin. In 1962 the theatre moved to a new building specially built in the centre of the city. In 1998 the theatre got the Academic status in its title. A great contribution to the establishment and development of Belgorod Drama Theatre was made by its first producers N.G. Belokon and S.M. Kozlova, directors A.S. Garsky,

A.P. Troitsky, S.I. Muzili and A.I. Muzili (of Maly Theatre’s famous artistic dynasty), A.E. Rebnik. Some highlights of the Theatre’s life are also connected with the creative activity of the directors A.A. Pikovsky, R.G. Bayer, V.I. Ilyin, G.A. Kosyukov, V.V. Kaznacheev... Many years were devoted to the theatrical work by the Honoured Artists of Russia A.P. Mamontov, G.I. Gritchin, M.E. Parakhnenko, artist N.N. Melnikova... The names of certain actors, favourites of different generations of the public, are written down in the history of the Theatre: People’s

Artiste of the RSFSR V. Bondaruk, Honoured Artiste of the RSFSR V. Logvinova, Honoured Artiste of the RSFSR Y. Yartseva, Honoured Artiste of the RF V. Yarmak, Honoured Artiste of the RF V. Podmogilny, actors I. Lebedev, V. Ignatov, Y. Zorina, S. Ovsyannikova, A. Baratov, P. Samsonov, V. Protasova, A. Negina, G. Yezhova, and veterans of the Shchepkin stage -

People’s Artiste of the RF N. Chernysh, actresses I. Banina, M. Baskova...

One of the highlights in the history of the Theatre is the All-Russian festival Actors of Russia to Mikhail Shchepkin - the first festival of actors in Russia. Belgorod Theatre became its organizer and moving force. Born in 1988, in the year of the 200th anniversary of the great actor, it has since gathered more than sixty theatres from Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Serbia and taken a deserved place in the theatre life of the country.

The Theatre gets a great attention and active support from the Government of Belgorod Region and its Governor E.S. Savchenko.

THE MARIINSKY THEATRE TODAY

Under Yuri Temirkhanov, Principal Conductor from 1976 to 1988, the Opera Company continued to stage innovative productions of bth modern and classic Russian operas. Although functioning separately from the Theatre’s Ballet Company, since 1988 both companies have been under the artistic leadership of Valery Gergiev as Artistic director of the entire Theatre.

The Opera Company has entered a new era of artistic excellence and creativity.

Since 1993, Gergiev’s impact on opera there has been enormous. Firstly, he reorganized the company’s operations and established links with many of the world’s great opera houses, including royal opera house, Covent Garden, the Metropolitan Opera, the Opera Bastile, La Scala, La Fenice, the Washington National Opera. Today, the Opera Company regularly tours to most of these cities.

Gergieve has also been innovative as far as Russian opera is concerned in 1989, there was an all – Mussorgsky festival featuring the composer’s entire operatic output. Similarly, many of Prokofiev’s operas were presented from the late 1990s.

Operas by non – Russian composers began to be performed in their original languages, which helped the Opera Company to incorporate world trands. The annual ―Stars of the White Night festival‖ in Saint Petersburg,started by Gergievin 1993, has also put the Mariinski on the world’s culture map.

Presently, the Company lists on its roster 22 sopranos, 13 mezzo – sopranos. 23 tenors, 8 baritones and 14 basses. With Gergiev in charge overall, there is a head of Stage Administration , a Stage Director, Stage Manager and Assistants, along with 14 accompanies.

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REFORMERS OF THE STAGE

The XX century gave the world such innovators and stage reformers as Stanislavsky and Vakgtangov on the one hand and Breht and Meyerhold on the other.

Stanislavsky and Breht were both practitioners and theorists. They created the most complete drama theories. Each of them has his own working methods and their achievements brought them general acclaim. Their influence on the world theatre and their appeal don’t lessen with time.

Stanislavski is an outstanding Soviet actor, stage director and theorist who looked for the new ways of scenic expressiveness; he strove to sum up the experience of the world stage masters.Stanislavsky’s conceptions were greatly influenced by Shepkin who has been called the father of Russian realism, and the plays by Anton Chechov.

The Stanislavsky’s system fought against overacting,clichés and mannerism. Before

Stanislavsky drama schools everywhere in the world had been teaching only physical elements of an actor’s playing: ballet, fencing, speech, diction. There had been no inner acting technique.

Stanislavsky developed the technique which helped actors to build the inner world of the person portrayed on the stage. His demand for truth and simplicitydid’t mean only external presentation of naturalness. Stanislavsky’s ―art of adaptation‖ concerned everything from the actor’s make – up to the inner identification with the character.He believed that theatre became art only through professionalism.

The Stanislavsky’s System played an outstanding role in the development of the theatreAll over the world actors, directors, and teachersof acting follow his method. However we should remember that the method is not dogmatic.The great innovator did not look upon his method as an end in itself. ―Create your own method‖, he used to say to his actors. ―Don’t depend on mine, but keep breaking traditions‖.

Vakhtangov was Stanislavsky’s greatest pupil. He was an inspired artist who left his mark on all his creations.

It is interesting to note that during the short years of Stsnislavsky’s creative effort he was much interested in the work of V. Meyerhold, the famous innovator whose productions arosed heated and contradictory discussions. Meyerhold’s ambition was to find the sensational new stage laws. He never repeated himself never stopped experimenting. In contrast with Stanislavsky who wanted the spectators to lose themselves in the atmosphere of the play, Meyerhold wanted the spectator remember thzt he was in the theatre, to make him think.Meyerhold often acted purely frov a desire to reject the old and used the form which had little connection with the essence of the play.Meyerhold strove for the same purpose as Stanislavsky – fighting against everything trivial.

As far as Brecht is conserned, his art has very much in common with the art of Meyerhold. Like Meyerhold,Brect used open directorial devices., demonstrated emphasis of his own point of view, and an epic form of drama. But Brecht’s main contribution is innovatory drama heritage.

Brecht’s attitude to Stanislavsky’s System was contradictory. On the one hand, it appealed to him as an integral aesthetic theory, but on the other hand, he rejected the ―day – dreaming theatre‖ as he called it. The difference between their approaches can be explained by the difference in their historical tasks and national traditions. The Stanislavsky’s System and Brecht’s epic drama grew out of the deep and continuous desire to better the level of acting.

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Блок 1.

Варианты ответов: a) the, the

b) the, - c) -, the d) -,

Задание 2 (выберите один вариант ответа).

It’s an ancient table. … table was designed by a famous designer in 1966.

Варианты ответов:

a)An

b)A

c)The

d)–

Задание 3 (выберите один вариант ответа).

… milk that I bought in the supermarket turned sour in just … day.

Варианты ответов:

a)the/the

b)a/a

c)-/-

d)the/a

Задание 4 (выберите один вариант ответа).

…Sun never rises in …West. - Really? To tell … truth I didn’t know it.

Варианты ответов:

a)a/the/a

b)the/the/the

c)a/a/a

d)-/a/the

Задание 5 (выберите один вариант ответа).

The … are very fragile, please, wash them carefully.

Варианты ответов:

a)glass

b)glases

c)glasses

d)glassis

Задание 6 (выберите один вариант ответа).

I don’t want … or help..

Варианты ответов:

а) advices

b)an advice

c)advice

d)advise

Задание 7 (выберите один вариант ответа).

I don’t like fried … This dish is too fatty for me.

Варианты ответов:

a)potatoes

b)potates

c)potateos

d)potatos

Задание 8 (выберите один вариант ответа).

Children are not allowed to play with … .

45

Варианты ответов:

a)match

b)matchs

c)matchis

d)matches

Задание 9 (выберите один вариант ответа).

I haven’t met my … friends for ages.

Варианты ответов:

а) parents’s

b)parents’

c)parentes’

d)parentss’

Задание 10 (выберите один вариант ответа).

Did you find a way? No, I haven’t … it yet.

Варианты ответов:

a)finded

b)found

c)founded

d)find

Задание 11 (выберите один вариант ответа).

At this time the day after tomorrow we … in the sea.

Варианты ответов:

a)will be swum

b)will be swimming

c)swim

d)will swim

Задание 12 (выберите один вариант ответа).

When we finally entered she … the guitar.

Варианты ответов:

a)was playing

b)playing

c)play

d)were playing

Задание 13 (выберите один вариант ответа).

Do you know what I have recently found out? Mary …never … to Russia. It’s the first time she … here.

Варианты ответов:

a)have/been/have come

b)has/were/has come

c)was/been/have come

d)has/been/has come

Задание 14 (выберите один вариант ответа).

Mark replied he didn’t think Jane ..... by the following Sunday yet.

Варианты ответов:

a)would have arrived

b)would arrive

c)had arrived

d)arrived

Задание 15 (выберите один вариант ответа).

You are … person I know.

Варианты ответов:

a)luckyer

b)the luckiest

c)the luckyest

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d) the most lucky

Задание 16 (выберите один вариант ответа).

The more you learn … you become.

Варианты ответов:

a)smarter

b)the smartest

c)the smarter

d)smartest

Задание 17 (выберите один вариант ответа).

Your pancakes smell … .

Варианты ответов:

a)well

b)goodly

c)welly

d)good

Задание 18 (выберите один вариант ответа).

Where are my glasses? Has anybody seen … ?

Варианты ответов:

a)they

b)their

c)them

d)then

Задание 19 (выберите один вариант ответа).

That isn’t my key. … is here.

Варианты ответов:

a)my

b)mine

c)me

d)none of me

Задание 20 (выберите один вариант ответа).

He likes working by … .

Варианты ответов:

a)herself

b)her

c)himself

d)him

Задание 21 (выберите один вариант ответа).

She doesn’t like Indian food. – Really? I don’t like it … .

Варианты ответов:

a)too

b)also

c)neither

d)either

Задание 22 (выберите один вариант ответа).

Please, don’t drive … fast! I’m afraid of speed.

Варианты ответов:

a)either

b)also

c)so

d)such

Задание 23 (выберите один вариант ответа).

What’s the news today? – I don’t know. I haven’t seen it … .

Варианты ответов: a) yet

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b)still

c)already

d)also

Задание 24 (выберите один вариант ответа).

The boy ... is standing next to the shop assistant is my friend.

Варианты ответов:

a)which

b)who

c)whose

d)what

Задание 25 (выберите один вариант ответа).

I saw her … in the park. Everybody liked it!

Варианты ответов:

a)dance

b)dancing

c)to dance

d)danced

Задание 26 (выберите один вариант ответа).

Is there anything in that new magazine worth … .

Варианты ответов:

a)read

b)to read

c)being read

d)reading

Задание 27 (выберите один вариант ответа).

All parts of London seem … to different towns and epochs.

Варианты ответов:

a)to belong

b)belonging

c)belonged

d)to be belonged

Задание 28 (выберите один вариант ответа).

I can’t help … about that awful accident

Варианты ответов:

a)to think

b)to be thought

c)thinking

d)being thought

Задание 29 (выберите один вариант ответа).

I would like you … his invitation.

Варианты ответов:

a)accept

b)have accepted

c)accepting

d)to accept

Задание 30 (выберите один вариант ответа).

Teachers make me … homework well.

Варианты ответов:

a)do

b)doing

c)done

d)to do

Задание 31 (выберите один вариант ответа).

_____ you help me with my homework?

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Варианты ответов:

a)are

b)may

c)can

d)need

Задание 32 (выберите один вариант ответа).

Good morning sir, what _____ I do for you?

Варианты ответов:

a)would

b)can

c)shall

d)must

Задание 33 (выберите один вариант ответа).

Despite the fact that it was dark, he ... find his way.

Варианты ответов:

a)would

b)can

c)was able to

d)might

Задание 34 (выберите один вариант ответа).

Speak up! I _____ hear you!

Варианты ответов:

a)can

b)could

c)can’t

d)couldn’t

Задание 35 (выберите один вариант ответа).

The doctor says I _____ walk again in two weeks’ time.

Варианты ответов:

a)can

b)could

c)will be able to

d)to be able to

Задание 36 (выберите один вариант ответа).

My children … by nanny last week from 5 to 6 o’clock.

Варианты ответов:

a)was being looked after

b)were being looking after

c)was looked after

d)were being looked after

Задание 37 (выберите один вариант ответа).

My new invention … tomorrow at this time.

Варианты ответов:

a)will be spoken about

b)will speak about

c)will be speaking about

d)will being speaked about

Задание 38 (выберите один вариант ответа).

This person can’t be … . He’s very fickle.

Варианты ответов:

a)relying upon

b)relied upon

c)to rely upon

d)rely upon

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