- •Contents
- •Foreword
- •1.1.1 Haemostasis
- •1.1.2 Inflammatory Phase
- •1.1.3 Proliferative Phase
- •1.1.4 Remodelling and Resolution
- •1.7 The Surgeon’s Preoperative Checklist
- •1.8 Operative Note
- •2.4.1 Local Risks
- •2.4.2 Systemic Risks
- •2.5 Basic Oral Anaesthesia Techniques
- •2.5.1 Buccal Infiltration Anaesthetic
- •2.5.2 Mandibular Teeth
- •2.5.2.1 Conventional ‘Open-Mouth’ Technique
- •2.5.2.2 Akinosi ‘Closed-Mouth’ Technique
- •2.5.2.3 Gow–Gates Technique
- •2.5.2.4 Mandibular Long Buccal Block
- •2.5.2.5 Mental Nerve Block
- •2.5.3 Maxillary Teeth
- •2.5.3.1 Greater Palatine Block
- •2.5.3.2 Palatal Infiltration
- •2.5.3.3 Nasopalatine Nerve Block
- •2.5.3.4 Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve Block
- •2.6 Adjunct Methods of Local Anaesthesia
- •2.6.1 Intraligamentary Injection
- •2.6.2 Intrapulpal Injection
- •2.7 Troubleshooting
- •3.1 Retractors
- •3.2 Elevators, Luxators, and Periotomes
- •3.3 Dental Extraction Forceps
- •3.4 Ancillary Soft Tissue Instruments
- •3.5 Suturing Instruments
- •3.6 Surgical Suction
- •3.7 Surgical Handpiece and Bur
- •3.8 Surgical Irrigation Systems
- •3.9 Mouth Props
- •4.1 Maxillary Incisors
- •4.2 Maxillary Canines
- •4.3 Maxillary Premolars
- •4.4 Maxillary First and Second Molars
- •4.5 Mandibular Incisors
- •4.6 Mandibular Canines and Premolars
- •4.7 Mandibular Molars
- •5.3 Common Soft Tissue Flaps for Dental Extraction
- •5.4 Bone Removal
- •5.5 Tooth Sectioning
- •5.6 Cleanup and Closure
- •6.2 Damage to Adjacent Teeth or Restorations
- •7.4.1.1 Erupted
- •7.4.1.2 Unerupted/Partially Erupted
- •7.4.2 Mandibular Third Molars
- •7.4.2.1 Mesioangular
- •7.4.2.2 Distoangular/Vertical
- •7.4.2.3 Horizontal
- •7.4.2.4 Full Bony Impaction (Early Root Development)
- •8.1 Ischaemic Cardiovascular Disease
- •8.5 Diabetes Mellitus
- •8.6.1 Bleeding Diatheses
- •8.6.2 Medications
- •8.6.2.1 Management of Antiplatelet Agents Prior to Dentoalveolar Surgery
- •8.6.2.2 Management of Patients Taking Warfarin Prior to Dentoalveolar Surgery
- •8.6.2.3 Management of Patients Taking Direct Anticoagulant Agents Prior to Dentoalveolar Surgery
- •8.8 The Irradiated Patient
- •8.8.1 Management of the Patient with a History of Head and Neck Radiotherapy
- •9.5.1 Alveolar Osteitis
- •9.5.2 Acute Facial Abscess
- •9.5.3 Postoperative Haemorrhage
- •9.5.4 Temporomandibular Joint Disorder
- •9.5.5 Epulis Granulomatosa
- •9.5.6 Nerve Injury
- •B.1.3 Consent
- •B.1.4 Local Anaesthetic
- •B.1.5 Use of Sedation
- •B.1.6 Extraction Technique
- •B.1.7 Outcomes Following Extraction
- •B.2.1 Deciduous Incisors and Canines
- •B.2.2 Deciduous Molars
- •Bibliography
- •Index
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Principles of Dentoalveolar Extractions
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Principles of Dentoalveolar Extractions
Seth Delpachitra
Anton Sklavos
Ricky Kumar
https://t.me/DentalBooksWorld
This edition first published 2021 © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as
permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
The right of Seth Delpachitra, Anton Sklavos and Ricky Kumar to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
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The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Delpachitra, Seth Navinda, 1988– author. | Sklavos, Anton William, 1990author. | Kumar, Ricky Ritesh, 1976– author.
Title: Principles of dentoalveolar extractions / Seth Navinda Delpachitra, Anton William Sklavos, Ricky Ritesh Kumar.
Description: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2020. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020025027 (print) | LCCN 2020025028 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119596400 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119596417 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119596448 (epub)
Subjects: MESH: Tooth Extraction–methods
Classification: LCC RK531 (print) | LCC RK531 (ebook) | NLM WU 605 | DDC 617.6/6–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020025027
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020025028
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: Seth Delpachitra
Set in 9.5/12.5pt STIXTwoText by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
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v
Contents
Foreword ix
About the Companion Website xi
1Principles of Surgery 1
1.1Wound Healing 2
1.1.1Haemostasis 2
1.1.2Inflammatory Phase 4
1.1.3Proliferative Phase 4
1.1.4Remodelling and Resolution 4
1.2Patient Assessment 4
1.3Radiographic Assessment 5
1.4Informed Consent 7
1.5Anaesthesia 7
1.6Preparation of Equipment 9
1.7The Surgeon’s Preoperative Checklist 10
1.8Operative Note 12
2 Local Anaesthesia 15
2.1Principles of Anaesthesia 16
2.2Mechanism of Action 16
2.3Common Local Anaesthetic Preparations 18
2.4 |
Side |
Effects and Toxicity 19 |
2.4.1Local Risks 19
2.4.2Systemic Risks 19
2.5 |
Basic Oral Anaesthesia Techniques 19 |
2.5.1Buccal Infiltration Anaesthetic 20
2.5.2Mandibular Teeth 21
2.5.2.1Conventional ‘Open-Mouth’ Technique 22
2.5.2.2Akinosi ‘Closed-Mouth’ Technique 23
2.5.2.3Gow–Gates Technique 23
2.5.2.4Mandibular Long Buccal Block 24
2.5.2.5Mental Nerve Block 25
2.5.3Maxillary Teeth 26
2.5.3.1 Greater Palatine Block 27
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viContents
2.5.3.2Palatal Infiltration 28
2.5.3.3Nasopalatine Nerve Block 29
2.5.3.4 |
Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve Block |
29 |
|
2.6 |
Adjunct |
Methods of Local Anaesthesia |
30 |
2.6.1Intraligamentary Injection 30
2.6.2Intrapulpal Injection 31
2.7Troubleshooting 32
3Basic Surgical Instruments 35
3.1Retractors 35
3.2Elevators, Luxators, and Periotomes 37
3.3Dental Extraction Forceps 40
3.4 |
Ancillary |
Soft Tissue Instruments 44 |
3.5Suturing Instruments 47
3.6Surgical Suction 49
3.7Surgical Handpiece and Bur 50
3.8Surgical Irrigation Systems 51
3.9Mouth Props 53
4Simple Extraction Techniques 55
4.1Maxillary Incisors 55
4.2Maxillary Canines 57
4.3Maxillary Premolars 58
4.4 |
Maxillary |
First and Second Molars 59 |
4.5Mandibular Incisors 61
4.6Mandibular Canines and Premolars 62
4.7Mandibular Molars 64
5Surgical Extraction Techniques 67
5.1 |
General |
Principles of Surgical Extraction |
68 |
||
5.2 |
Practical |
Aspects of Surgical Extraction |
69 |
||
5.3 |
Common |
Soft Tissue Flaps for Dental Extraction 70 |
5.4Bone Removal 73
5.5Tooth Sectioning 74
5.6Cleanup and Closure 75
6Intraoperative Complications 79
6.1Lip Burns and Lacerations 79
6.2 |
Damage to Adjacent Teeth or Restorations 80 |
6.3Mandible Fracture 81
6.4 |
Tooth Aspiration or Ingestion 81 |
6.5Instrument Fracture 82
6.6Intraoperative Bleeding 82
6.7Oroantral Communication 83
6.8Dentoalveolar Fracture 84
7Third Molar Surgery 87
7.1 |
Treatment |
Planning of Impacted Third Molars |
87 |
|
7.2 |
Difficulty |
Assessment and Preoperative Workup |
89 |
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Contents vii
7.3 |
Radiographic Assessment of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Risk 91 |
7.4 |
Surgical Approach to Third Molars 91 |
7.4.1Maxillary Third Molars 91
7.4.1.1Erupted 91
7.4.1.2Unerupted/Partially Erupted 92
7.4.2Mandibular Third Molars 93
7.4.2.1Mesioangular 93
7.4.2.2Distoangular/Vertical 93
7.4.2.3Horizontal 95
7.4.2.4 Full Bony Impaction (Early Root Development) 99
7.4.2.5Buccolingual/Other Impactions 99
8 |
Management of the MedicallyCompromised Patient 101 |
8.1Ischaemic Cardiovascular Disease 102
8.2 |
Patients |
with a History of Infective Endocarditis 102 |
8.3Hypertension 103
8.4 |
Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws 103 |
8.5Diabetes Mellitus 107
8.6Increased Bleeding Risk 108
8.6.1Bleeding Diatheses 108
8.6.2Medications 109
8.6.2.1 |
Management of Antiplatelet Agents Prior to Dentoalveolar Surgery 110 |
|
8.6.2.2 |
Management of Patients Taking Warfarin Prior to Dentoalveolar Surgery |
110 |
8.6.2.3Management of Patients Taking Direct Anticoagulant Agents Prior to Dentoalveolar Surgery 110
8.7Adrenal Suppression 110
8.8The Irradiated Patient 112
8.8.1 |
Management of the Patient with a History of Head and Neck Radiotherapy 113 |
8.9Hepatic or Renal Impairment 113
8.10Pregnancy and Lactation 114
9Postoperative Care and Late Complications 115
9.1Immediate Postoperative Period 115
9.2Postoperative Instructions 116
9.3Postoperative Medications 116
9.4 |
24 -Hour On-Call Service and Tertiary Hospital Referral 117 |
9.5Management of Late Complications 117
9.5.1Alveolar Osteitis 117
9.5.2Acute Facial Abscess 118
9.5.3Postoperative Haemorrhage 119
9.5.4Temporomandibular Joint Disorder 119
9.5.5Epulis Granulomatosa 120
9.5.6Nerve Injury 121
AppendixA |
Special Cases: Common Indications for Surgical Extraction 123 |
Appendix B |
Extraction of Deciduous Teeth 127 |
Bibliography |
133 |
Index 135 |
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